In summary, tetrandrine can prevent doxorubicin-induced mdr1 mRNA/P-gp expression and P-gp functions in a dose-dependent manner through a mechanism that may involve inhibition of doxorubicin-induced NF-kappaB mRNA expression and protein activity.
The absorption/desorption performance of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in aqueous 5 M monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions in the presence of various solution regeneration promoters was comprehensively investigated using a multiple rapid screening method. The promoters considered were N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), N,N-dimethylethanolamine (DMEA),The molar concentration of these promoters added into 5 M MEA was set to 1 mol/L. At the atmospheric pressure, the absorption and stripping experiments were carried out at 313.15 and 353.15 K, respectively. Especially, the CO 2 partial pressure was controlled at constant 15 kPa for absorption experiments. In addition, the equilibrium solubility of CO 2 was also determined in order to evaluate the driving force of each amine system. The results showed that the highest CO 2 equilibrium solubility of 0.5548 mol CO 2 /mol amine was obtained by MEA/1DEA2P, whereas both the fastest absorption and regeneration rates were achieved for aqueous blended MEA/1DMA2P solution which made MEA/1DMA2P to exhibit the highest CO 2 cyclic capacity of 1.6710 mol CO 2 /L.
The cytotoxicity of quercetin is not well understood. Using an ICR murine model, we unexpectedly found that mice exposed to 7 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) exhibited general in vivo toxicity after receiving quercetin (100 mg/kg PO), whereas this result was not observed in mice that received TBI only. In order to understand the involvement of alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, we used a real-time qPCR to analyze the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) by amplifying the MTRNR1 (12S rRNA) gene in murine bone marrow. We also utilized reverse transcription qPCR to determine the mRNA amounts transcribed from the polymerase gamma (POLG), POLG2, and mammalian mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) genes in the tissue. In the mice exposed to TBI combined with quercetin, we found: (1) the radiation-induced increase of mtDNAcn was inhibited with a concurrent significant decrease in POLG expression; (2) TFAM expression was significantly increased; and (3) the expression of POLG2 was not influenced by the treatments. These data suggest that the overall toxicity was in part associated with the decrease in mtDNAcn, an effect apparently caused by the inhibition of POLG expression and overexpression of TFAM; unaltered POLG2 expression did not seem to contribute to toxicity.
PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of an osteosarcoma and the Ezrin gene expressed in CTCs.Patients and methodsCTC enrichment was done with CanPatrol™ CTC enrichment technique in 41 patients with osteosarcoma. The characterization of CTCs was performed using a multiple messenger RNA in situ analysis (MRIA). The expression of the Ezrin gene in CTCs was detected by RNA probe technology. The correlations of CTC counts, cell type and the expression level of the Ezrin gene with clinical stage and metastasis of osteosarcoma were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software.ResultsThe CTC counts correlated significantly with Enneking stage (P<0.001). The ratio of mesenchymal CTCs correlated with the distant metastases (P<0.001). Ezrin gene expression in CTCs correlated significantly with distant metastases (χ2=152.51, P=0.000).ConclusionThe ratio of mesenchymal CTCs in the peripheral blood of osteosarcoma correlates with distant metastases. High expression of Ezrin gene in CTCs correlates with distant metastases.
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