Dynamic growth behaviors of nanotwinned Cu (nt-Cu) grain upon electron beam irradiation were investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy. Direct evidence shows that nt-Cu grain grows in a successive mode of new crystalline lattice lamella shared coherently with the surface of the existing twin but oriented differently from each other. As such, a growth mechanism of epitaxial twinning is proposed. Interestingly, the reorientation of the face-centered cubic structure (FCC), the reversible phase transformation from FCC to hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure, and FCC → HCP → body-centered tetragonal successive phase transformation were observed directly during the growth process of the nt-Cu grain.
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