Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) poses one of the serious health problems in southern Chinese, with an incidence rate ranging from 15 to 50/100,000. Chromosome translocation t(1;3) and frequent loss of heterogeneity on short arms of chromosome 3 and 9 have been reported to be associated with NPC, and a genome-wide scan identified an NPC susceptibility locus on chromosome 4p15.1-q12 recently. In our study, we collected samples from 18 families at high risk of NPC from the Hunan province in southern China, genotyped with a panel of polymorphic markers on short arms of chromosomes 3, 9, and 4p15.1-q12. A locus on 3p21 was identified to link to NPC with a maximum logarithm of odds for linkage score of 4.18. Fine mapping located the locus to a 13.6-cM region on 3p21.31-21.2, where a tumor suppressor gene cluster resided. Our findings identified a novel locus for NPC and provided a map location for susceptibility genes candidates. In contrast to a recent study, no significant evidence for NPC linkage to chromosomes 4 and 9 was observed.

An increasing number of studies has confirmed that many cells can secrete vesicles or exosomes in eukaryotes, which contain important nucleic acids, proteins and lipids and play important roles in cell communication and tumor metastasis. This paper summarizes the comprehensive function of exosomal non-coding RNAs. Although some studies have shown that exosomes mediate tumor signal transduction, the functional mechanism of the tumor metastasis remains to be elucidated. In this paper, we reviewed the role of exosomal non-coding RNAs in mediating cancer metastasis in the tumor microenvironment to provide new ideas for the study of tumor pathophysiology.

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To investigate the effect of complex amino acids of arginine-enriched and leucine-enriched on tumor growth in tumor-bearing rats during chemotherapy, the SD rats were each given a catheterization of jejunostomy and an inoculation of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells subcutaneously. Thirty-six rats were randomized into 3 groups: Group A (balance amino acidþNS), Group B (balance amino acid + 5-Fu), and Group C (complex amino acids of arginine-enriched and leucine-enriched + 5-Fu). Tumor weight, tumor inhibitory rate, the expression of PCNA and apoptosis, cell cycle were investigated. In addition, rat's survival time was observed. The G0/G1 phase ratio, apoptosis index and survival time increased from group A to C. Conversely, The S phase ratio, PCNA index and tumor weight decreased from group A to C, respectively. Our results suggest that complex amino acids of arginine-enriched and leucine-enriched could inhibit tumor growth and enhance the anti-tumor effect of 5-Fu chemotherapy.

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