Introduction. It was carried out the research for determining the optimal drying conditions of soybean and vegetable mixtures that provide the least drying time and maximally preserve the biologically active substances of the dried material.Materials and methods. It was researched the colloidal capillary-porous materials on the basis of soy, carrots, spinach and soy-carrot, soy-spinach mixture. For the study of the drying process it was used an experimental stand with automatic temperature controllers was used which is a system of isolated pipelines with devices for heat treatment and circulation of coolant, drying chambers, measuring circuits and instruments for controlling the process parameters and measuring the values characterizing the process of drying.Results and discussion. Researched the kinetics of the soybean-carrot mixture drying process at a temperature of the coolant temperature of 70 ºC, 100 ºC, with a constant drying rate v=2.5 m/s, as well as mode steps of 100/70 ºC with constant drying rate v=2.5 m/s. The process of drying the binary mixture takes place in the second period. With the deepening of the evaporation zone inside the material, the temperature of its surface increases, and the rate of moisture content decreases. It has been established that drying with a temperature of the coolant temperature of 100 ºC results in an inadmissible melaidine reaction, while the 100/70 ºC step mode prevents such reactions due to the fact that the material does not warm up above 70 degrees throughout the drying period.Researched the kinetics of the soybean-spinach mixture drying process at a temperature of 60 ºC, as well as mode steps of 100/60 ºC, a constant drying rate v=2.5 m/s. In the chemical composition of spinach contains folic acid, which is destroyed during the heat treatment of products at a temperature of 100 ºC for 20 minutes. When drying the mixture with a 100/60 ºC degree of temperature, the material under investigation at a temperature of the heat carrier is 100 ºC for 4 minutes, and then the temperature of the coolant is reduced, after 20 minutes of drying the temperature of the coolant 80 ºC, this prevents significant losses of folic acid, after 40 minutes of drying, the temperature of the coolant is 60 ºC, during the whole process of drying the surface temperature and in the thickness did not exceed 60 ºС.Conclusions. The drying time of the material in the mode of the heat carrier 100/60 ºС and 100/70 ºС is less in comparison with the duration of the process at 60 and 70 ºС, which reduces energy expenses by 30-40% for the drying process.
For a more accurate study of the kinetics of the barley seeds drying, a convective drying stand with a computerized system of data acquisition and processing on the change in the mass and temperature of the sample from the drying time was used. The kinetic curves of the drying process under the action of three factors were constructed: the temperature of the coolant, heating medium movement rate and the initial moisture content of the seeds. Studies were also conducted and the germination of barley seeds under the action of these factors was analysed. Studies have shown that all factors affect the kinetics of the drying process, but the greatest influence on the germination of seed material comes from the influence of the temperature of the coolant. A three-factor effect on the germination of barley seeds on the 7th day of germination is presented, that indicates the need for low-temperature drying at a coolant temperature of 50°C. In order to increase the intensification and energy efficiency of the drying process, the proposed two-stage drying mode is 65/50°C, which provides intensive heating and evaporation of moisture from the material at the initial stage of the process. Studies on the germination of barley seeds in a two-stage mode showed that the specified drying mode provides a high germination rate of the material up to 99%, an intensity of 83% and an energy efficiency of 62% compared to a rational single-stage drying mode of 50°C and can be recommended for drying barley seeds.
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