Formation of experimental myringosclerosis was reduced or inhibited and tympanic membranes were thinner after systemic Ginkgo biloba extract administration.

Chronic nonspecific pharyngitis without gastric H. pylori infection is significantly related to H. pylori colonization in the pharynx, and gastric involvement increases the rate of this spread. The gold standart for detection of H. pylori infection is the PCR method.

The average hearing improvements for incus, cortex and partial ossicular reconstruction prostheses were 12.77±14.58 (p<0.001), 12.34±15.98 (p=0.005) and 14.10±13.87 dB (p<0.001), respectively. The postoperative air-bone gap levels were 20.42±14.54 dB in incus, 17.33±16.86 dB in cortex and 17.59±11.66 dB in partial ossicular reconstruction prostheses. When the preoperative middle ear risk index scores and postoperative air-bone gap and gain values were compared, in the incus group, statistically significant associations were demonstrated between scores and hearing outcomes (p=0.009).

Myringosclerosis was significantly more severe in control and saline groups than in Ginkgo biloba groups. The levels of nitrite in ginkgo-treated groups were significantly lower than in untreated and saline-treated groups, while glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly higher. The levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were lower in ginkgo groups but not significantly.

No abstract

Purpose. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between mastoid air cell volumes and graft success after tympanoplasty. Material and Methods. This study was performed retrospectively with patients undergoing type I tympanoplasty and antrostomy. A total of 57 patients (20–35.09% female and 37–64.91% male) with a mean age of 29.69 ± SD (range 12–56 years) were included in the study. The patients were invited for a control at the 1st, 3rd, and 12th months, and otoscopic examinations and audiometric tests were performed. The temporal bone computed tomography images were screened with the 4800 Dpi optic resolution scanner and transferred to the computer environment in JPG format in order to calculate the mastoid air cell volume, and the volumes were calculated using the Autocad 2007 program. Results. Although, the graft success was determined to be better in the well-ventilated group, no significant difference could be found between the groups in terms of graft success at the 1st, 3rd, and 12th months (P > 0.05). No statistically significant difference could be found between the three groups in terms of the preoperative and postoperative hearing gains (P > 0.05).

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of enoxaparin sodium (ES) on experimentally-induced myringosclerosis in rats. MATERIALS and METHODS:Twenty Wistar albino-type rats weighing up to 250-300 g each were randomized into four groups containing five rats each and were then bilaterally myringotomized. The control group (n=5) received intratympanic serum physiologic injections, whereas ES2 (n=5), ES4 (n=5), and ES6 groups (n=5) received intratympanic ES of 2000 IU, 4000 IU, and 6000 IU, respectively, for 10 days after myringotomy. Rats were sacrificed at 60 days after intratympanic application and were then prepared for histopathologic evaluation. RESULTS:As for tympanic membrane hyaline degeneration, there were statistically significant differences among the control, ES2, ES4, and ES6 groups (p<0.05). As for fibrosis formation on tympanic membranes, a statistically significant difference was observed among the control and study groups; however, although not statistically significant, the formation of fibrosis was slowed down in the ES2 and ES4 groups compared with the control group. The control and study groups did not show any significant difference for calcification, hyperemia, and tympanic membrane thickening (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:Although our study and control groups comprised limited number of animals, and only one parameter demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the groups, ES may have an ameliorating effect on myringosclerosis induced by myringotomy in the tympanic membranes of rats. ES proved to be effective in the prevention of hyaline disc formation. Further studies should be conducted for better understanding of the effects of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (i.e., enoxaparin) on myringosclerosis.

BackgroundCompulsory citizenship behaviors (CCBs) are increasingly endorsed and expected of workers in contexts where managerial worker protections are low and performance demands on workers are high. Although studies on compulsory citizenship behaviors have shown a significant increase in recent years, the literature still lacks a comprehensive meta-analysis. To fill this gap the purpose of this study is to synthesize the collective outcomes of prior quantitative research on CCBs with the objective of identifying the factors linked to the concept and offering a primary reference for future researchers.MethodsForty-three different correlates with CCBs were synthesized. The dataset of this meta-analysis consists of 53 independent samples with a sample size of 17.491, contributing to 180 effect sizes. PRISMA flow diagram and PICOS framework were used for the study design.ResultResults showed only gender and age were significant among demographic characteristics related to CCBs. Correlates between CCBs and counterproductive workplace behaviors, felt obligation, work-family conflict, organizational-based self-esteem, organizational cynicism, burnout, anger toward the organization, and work alienation were found as large. We also found turnover intention, moral disengagement, careerism, abusive supervision, citizenship pressure, job stress, facades of conformity, and feeling trusted to be moderately related to CCBs. Next, there was a small relationship between CCBs and social loafing. On the other hand, LMX, psychological safety, organizational identification, organizational justice, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and job autonomy were found as significant deterrents of CCBs. These results suggest that CCBs flourish in contexts with low levels of worker protection and low road practices to people management.ConclusionIn sum, we found solid cumulative evidence that CCBs are a harmful and undesirable phenomenon for employees and organizations. Also, positive correlations of felt obligation, feeling trusted, and organization-based self-esteem with CCBs, showed that, contrary to general acceptance, positive factors could also cause CCBs. Lastly, we found CCBs as a dominant phenomenon in eastern culture.