Effect of Enoxaparin Sodium on Experimentally-Induced Myringosclerosis in Rats

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of enoxaparin sodium (ES) on experimentally-induced myringosclerosis in rats. MATERIALS and METHODS:Twenty Wistar albino-type rats weighing up to 250-300 g each were randomized into four groups containing five rats each and were then bilaterally myringotomized. The control group (n=5) received intratympanic serum physiologic injections, whereas ES2 (n=5), ES4 (n=5), and ES6 groups (n=5) received intratympanic ES of 2000 IU, 4000 IU, and 6000 IU, respectively, for 10 days after myringotomy. Rats were sacrificed at 60 days after intratympanic application and were then prepared for histopathologic evaluation. RESULTS:As for tympanic membrane hyaline degeneration, there were statistically significant differences among the control, ES2, ES4, and ES6 groups (p<0.05). As for fibrosis formation on tympanic membranes, a statistically significant difference was observed among the control and study groups; however, although not statistically significant, the formation of fibrosis was slowed down in the ES2 and ES4 groups compared with the control group. The control and study groups did not show any significant difference for calcification, hyperemia, and tympanic membrane thickening (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:Although our study and control groups comprised limited number of animals, and only one parameter demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the groups, ES may have an ameliorating effect on myringosclerosis induced by myringotomy in the tympanic membranes of rats. ES proved to be effective in the prevention of hyaline disc formation. Further studies should be conducted for better understanding of the effects of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (i.e., enoxaparin) on myringosclerosis.

The Short-Term Effect of Eugenol on the Prevention of Experimentally Induced Myringosclerosis in a Rat Model

“…Studies on this topic have focused on reducing or preventing MS by application of free radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidants agents. L-carnitine, selenium, Ginkgo biloba, ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, zinc aspartate, vitamin C and E, N-nitro L- arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), Caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE), Hypericum perforatum, rosmarinic acid, montelukast, melatonin, dexamethasone and enoxaparin sodium have been used for this purpose in the current literature ( 1 , 2 , 6 , 9 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ). The effect of free radical scavengers is to arrest the formation of free radicals and active oxygen species, scavenging them, and repairing the damage.…”

The effect of Nigella sativa oil on prevention of myringosclerosis in a Guinea pig model

“…Myringosclerosis (MS) is an irreversible degenerative pathology affecting tympanic membrane (TM) and synchronous dystrophic calcification occurs in the fibrous layer [1].…”

“…A wide variety of free radical scavengers like L-carnitine, ascorbic acid, zinc aspartate, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, Ginkgo biloba, vitamin C and E, Caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE), N-nitro L-arginine metyl ester ( L -NAME), melatonin, Hypericum perforatum, and enoxaparin sodium have been proposed to use for preventing the development of MS in TM in several studies[1,2,[6][7][8][9][10]11,20,21,[23][24][25][26][27]. Free radical scavengers process via suppressing the generation of active oxygen species and free radicals, scavenging them, and repairing damage.…”