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BackgroundPlatelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy is widely used in enhancing the recovery of skeletal muscle from injury. However, the impact of intramuscular delivery of PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses has not been fully elucidated in exercise-induced muscle damage. The purpose of this investigation the effects of intramuscular delivery of PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses and recovery strategy muscle damage induced by high intensity muscle exercise (exercise-induced muscle damage, EIMD).MethodsModerately active male volunteers participated in this study and were assigned to a control group (control, n = 6) and PRP administration group (PRP, n = 6). The subjects performed exercise with a load of 80% one repetition maximum (1RM) maximal voluntary contraction of the elbow flexors until point of exhaustion of the non-dominant arm was reached. The arms were treated with saline or autologous PRP post-24 h EIMD. Venous blood samples were obtained in the morning to establish a baseline value and 1–4 days post-exercise and were analyzed for serum ferritin, iron, iron binding capacity (IBC), creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).ResultsThe baseline levels of plasma iron, ferritin, IBC, CK, LDH, AST, and ALT were similar in both the control and PRP groups. However, 24-h following exercise a significant increase in these parameters was observed in both groups between 1 and 4 days during the recovery period. Interestingly, PRP administration decreased plasma iron levels compared to the control on the second day post-exercise. Plasma IBC increased in PRP group from Days 2 to 4 post-exercise compared to the control group whilst PRP administration had no effect on plasma ferritin, CK, AST, ALT, or LDH.ConclusionAcute exhaustive exercise increased muscle damage markers, including plasma iron, IBC, and ferritin levels, indicating muscle damage induced by exercise. PRP administration improves inflammation by reversing the increase in the iron levels post-exercise without displaying any myotoxicity and may have a role to play in the recovery of exercise-induced muscle damage.

This study aimed to find out whether a wearable strain sensor including thermoplastic polyurethane composite with a multi-walled carbon nanotube network could be a viable alternative to an isokinetic dynamometer for the measurement of knee-extensor muscle strength. For the first time, the voltage-torque and angle–time relations of the sensor were determined to allow a comparison between the angle-dependent torque changes of the dynamometer and the sensor. This comparison suggested that the torque–angle relations of the dynamometer and the sensor did not have the same characteristics. In this regard, the sensor may be used in the torque measurements due to the moderate correlation between the torque values determined via the isokinetic dynamometer and the sensor and due to the significant difference between low and high torque values of the sensor. By the same token, the torque-angle graph of the sensor may be more informative than that of the dynamometer in evaluation of knee problems.

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Objectives:Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy, is considered to be a promising solution in accelerating the healing process of injured skeletal muscle tissue. In addition to the release of growth factors, PRP also promotes concentrated anti-inflammatory signals, including interleukins. However, the impact of the intramuscular administration of the PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses has not been fully elucidated in exercise induced muscle damage.Methods:Twelve healthy moderately active male volunteers, without previous experience with eccentric/concentric elbow flexors exercise, participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: control group (CONTROL, n=6) and platelet rich plasma administration group (PRP, n=6) group. To induce muscle damage, subjects in both groups performed concentric/eccentric contractions with load of (80 % 1RM) maximal voluntary contraction of the elbow flexors until point of exhaustion of the non-dominant arm. The non-dominant arms of the PRP group were treated with autologous PRP (Regen ACR-C, Regen Lab, Switzerland) post-24h exercise induced damage (DOMS). Subsequently, 4 ml PRP samples was injected using a 20-gauge needle into the region of the biceps brachii of the non-dominant arm under sterile aseptic conditions. Venous blood samples were collected pre-, and 4 days post-exercise, and analyzed for complete blood counts, serum ferritin, iron, iron binding capacity (IBC), creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as markers of muscle damage and inflammation.Results:We found that the baseline levels of iron, ferritin, IBC, CK, LDH, AST and ALT were similar in control and PRP groups. However, 24 h following exercise induced muscle damage a significant increase in these parameters was observed in both groups. Interestingly, PRP administration decreased plasma iron levels compared to the control group but this was only achieved on the second day of post-exercise induced muscle damage. In addition, the plasma IBC levels increased in PRP group from day 2 to 4 post exercise compared to control group. PRP administration had no effect on plasma ferritin, CK, LDH, AST, and LDH levels.Conclusion:Acute exhaustive exercise increased muscle damage markers, including plasma iron, IBC and ferritin levels, indicating metabolic stress due to exercise induced muscle damage. PRP administration decreased the iron levels post-exercise and may have a role to play in the recovery of exercise induced muscle damage.

Dünya, koronavirüs hastalığı [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] salgını nedeni ile, hayatı değiştiren olağanüstü bir zorluk yaşıyor. Hayatı zorlaştıran alışkanlıklar, "sosyal mesafe", "evde kal" artık günlük hayatımızın bir parçası olurken, birçok ülke bu yeni normal yaşam alışkanlıklarına alışmaya başlamış durumdadır. 1 COVID-19 salgınının tam olarak ne zaman azalacağını ve toplumların normal işlevlerine geri döneceğini tahmin etmek zordur; bunun gerçekleşmesi biraz zaman alabilir. Şu anda COVID

BACKGROUND: Commercial energy drink usage is reported to be higher in athletes and adolescents. However, the impact of pre-exercise consumption of energy beverages on hematologic and biochemical responses and skeletal muscle contractile properties has not been fully elucidated. METHOD: Ten male subjects performed 50 maximal eccentric actions on an isokinetic dynamometer at 90 • /sec followed by two identical trials that were preceded by consuming either a placebo (P) or energy drink (ED) beverage. The test was repeated after 7-10 days while consuming the alternate beverage. Complete blood counts and chemistry profile was conducted before and immediately after exercise. RESULTS: Eccentric contractions resulted in an increased number of neutrophils (Neut) and decreased lymphocytes (Lymph), decreased eosinophils (EOS) and did not change basophil (BASO) levels in control. However, the BASO levels increased immediately after the exercise with P and ED beverage consumption. In contrast, P and ED beverage consumption had no effect on Neut, Lymph, MONO or EOS counts after exercise compared to pre-exercise values. Acute exercise increased creatinine kinase (CK) and decreased phosphorus (Pi) but did not have any effect on other blood chemistry parameters. The biochemical profile and eccentric muscle contractile properties were not significantly affected by any of the beverages. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of pre-exercise energy drink does not have a favorable effect on immune blood cells induced in the acute eccentric exercise model.

Objective The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of the transtibial and anatomical femoral single tunnel surgical techniques in ACL reconstruction. Methods A total of 30 patients, with 16 patients (15 males and 1 female; mean age: 27.2 ± 7.04) with anatomical femoral single-tunnel technique (AFT) and 14 (12 males and 2 females; mean age: 29.4 ± 8.82) with transtibial technique (TT) were included into the study. All patients were evaluated with isokinetic tests at an angular velocity of 60°/s and 180°/s and the IKDC and Lysholm tests were performed preoperatively and in third, sixth, and 12th months postoperatively. The results were compared between the groups. The mean follow-up time was 17.1 ± 6.48 months. Results Postoperative third month changes in extension parameters of peak torque (AFT: −93.286, TT: −61.500), peak work (AFT: −77.071, TT: −47.500), peak torque ext/kg (AFT: −1.182, TT: −0.773), peak work ext/kg (AFT: −0.982, TT: −0.604), peak work (AFT: −55.143 TT: −33.063) at an angular velocity of 60°/s and postoperative third month change in extension parameter of peak power (AFT: −86.786 TT: −54.875) at an angular velocity of 180°/s were found to be better in the transtibial group ( p < 0.05) and postoperative sixth month peak torque (AFT: 1.429, TT: −5.688) value at an angular velocity of 60°/s was found to be less in the anatomical femoral single-tunnel group ( p < 0.05). The IKDC (AFT: 94.671, TT: 90.025) ( p < 0.05) and Lysholm (AFT: 96.714, TT: 92.375) ( p < 0.05) scores of the anatomical femoral single-tunnel group were better than the transtibial group regarding to the postoperative final follow-up. There are positive intermediate correlations between preoperative IKDC and Lysholm scores with preoperative and postoperative some isokinetic test ratio (r = 0.539; p = 0.031), and preoperative peak power extension (r = 0.541; p = 0.030) at the both angular velocity of 60°/s and 180°/s in the transtibial group. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regards to the Lachman, anterior drawer and pivot shift tests ( p < 0.05). Conclusion There were differences in terms of isokinetic parameters in early outcomes but there was no statistical difference between isokinetic parameters at the end of 1st year between two groups. There were some correlations between IKDC and Lysholm scores with some isokinetic parameters. Level of Evidence Level III, Therapeutic Study.