This study investigates the risk of arsenic (As) exposure to the communities in rural Bengal, even when they have been supplied with As safe drinking water. The estimates of exposure via dietary and drinking water routes show that, when people are consuming water with an As concentration of less than 10 μg L(-1), the total daily intake of inorganic As (TDI-iAs) exceeds the previous provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) value of 2.1 μg day(-1) kg(-1) BW, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 35% of the cases due to consumption of rice. When the level of As concentration in drinking water is above 10 μg L(-1), the TDI-iAs exceeds the previous PTDI for all the participants. These results imply that, when rice consumption is a significant contributor to the TDI-iAs, supplying water with an As concentration at the current national drinking water standard for India and Bangladesh would place many people above the safety threshold of PTDI. We also found that the consumption of vegetables in rural Bengal does not pose a significant health threat to the population independently. This study suggests that any effort to mitigate the As exposure of the villagers in Bengal must consider the risk of As exposure from rice consumption together with drinking water.
A silica-based cation-exchange column was used to determine ence of arsenocholine in DORM 1 was questioned and suggested to be the tetramethylarsonium cation.6 the arsenic compounds in the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC ) CRMs DORM 1 and DORM 2 (Dogfish This paper reports the arsenic compounds identified in the dogfish reference materials DORM 1 and DORM 2 [separation Muscle). With a 20 mM aqueous pyridine mobile phase at pH 3.0, the concentration of arsenobetaine was only on anion-or cation-exchange columns, arsenic-specific detection by inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry 10.7 mg kg−1 As in the extract of DORM 1. When the same extract was chromatographed on an anion-exchange column, (ICP-MS)] and a method to prevent the reduction of the signal for arsenobetaine by the matrix components Na and K. 15.9±0.3 mg kg−1 As (arsenobetaine) were found. The calibration for arsenobetaine was linear from 0.5 mg dm−1 As to 10 mg dm−3 As. When the extracts were diluted with water the cation-exchange results approached the anion-exchange EXPERIMENTAL results. The multi-element capabilities of ICP-MS allowed the Reagents and solutions simultaneous monitoring of arsenic and alkali metals. Sodium and potassium were found to co-elute with arsenobetaine.DORM 1 and DORM 2 (Dogfish Muscle Tissue) were When aqueous solutions of arsenobetaine with purchased from the NRCC,
Arsenic species in arsenic-accumulating mushrooms (Sarcosphaera coronaria, Laccaria amethystina, Sarcodon imbricatum, Entoloma lividum, Agaricus haemorrhoidarius, Agaricus placomyces, Lycoperdon perlaturn) were determined. HPLC/ICP MS and ion-exchange chromatography-instrumental neutron activation analysis (NAA) combinations were used. The remarkable accumulator Sarcosphaera coronaria (up to 2000 mg As kg-' dry wt) contained only methylarsonic acid, Entoloma lividum only arsenite and arsenate. In Laccaria amethystina dimethylarsinic acid was the major arsenic compound. Sarcodon imbricatum and the two Agaricus sp. were found to contain arsenobetaine as the major arsenic species, a form which had previously been found only in marine biota. Its identification was confirmed by electron impact MS.
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