This paper describes the prediction of stiffness of bolted cover plate connections with slots perpendicular to the acting force. The wok is based on three sets of tests: experiments on connections with more bolt rows and different bolt forming technology prepared at the CRIF laboratory in Liege, experiments with long slots finished at the laboratory of Technical University Nottingham, and experiments with components completed at the Czech Technical University in Prague. The work shows the application of the component method to the prediction of stiffness of the cover plate connections. The component bolt/plate in bearing is evaluated. A special attention is paid to the modelling of the bolt force distribution for different bolt tolerances.

Many examples of glass loadbearing structures such as handrails, panes, beams and columns can be found in modern architecture. Most of these elements are made of laminated glass panels. There is a general lack of knowledge about the transfer of shear forces between the glass plies in perpendicularly-loaded laminated panels. This transfer depends significantly on the stiffness of the polymeric interlayer, which is timedependent and temperature-dependent. There are several computational methods for the design of laminated glass that take the shear coupling of the glass plies into account, e.g. analytical methods, numerical modeling and also the draft of European code. These methods need to be verified experimentally. This paper reports on rectangular double-laminated glass panels in a shortterm displacement controlled four-point bending test with an EVA and with a PVB interlayer under a constant temperature. These tests were performed at CTU in Prague. Our experimental results show that panels with an EVA interlayer had greater bending stiffness than panels laminated with PVB and achieved higher ultimate load values. The experimental data were further compared with simplified analytical methods, such as the European draft prEN 16612 and the Enhanced Effective Thickness approach and also a numerical FEM model. Numerical and EET methods results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The way in which the specimens broke was a characteristic feature of laminated glass. The shards remained attached to the interlayer, proving that laminated glass panels can be used safely above the heads of users of the structure. Simplified methods and numerical models validated by experimental tests on perpendicularly-loaded laminated glass panels enable these structures to be designed safely and economically for practical uses.

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