Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a type of concrete that is placed in the formwork under its own weight. Although there are many studies showing the behavior of SCC beams, most relate to the behavior of simple supported beams. Unlike those, this is a study of continuous beams made of SCC aimed to analyze their flexural performance as well as to confirm the possibility of using nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) in the design of such structural elements. An experimental study of three two-span continuous beams of a total length of 3400 mm, with the span between supports of 1600 mm, with 150/200 mm cross section made of SCC exposed to short-term loading, was carried out. The parameter that varied is the percentage of tensile reinforcement, with values of 0.65, 0.86 and 0.94 being selected. As all analyzed beams have shown a satisfactory load-bearing capacity and stiffness, the research confirmed the possibility of using SCC in continuous beams in civil engineering practice. Using Abaqus/Standard software, a nonlinear numerical model is proposed, which is validated and verified against experimental research, as there is only a 5% difference in the numerically calculated ultimate load compared to the experimentally measured values.
We relax the conditions related to the almost product structure and in such a way introduce a wider class of generalized para-Kähler spaces. Some properties of the curvature tensors as well as those of the corresponding Ricci tensors of these spaces are pointed out. We consider holomorphically projective mappings between generalized para-Kähler spaces in Eisenhart's sense. Also, we examine some invariant geometric objects with respect to equitorsion holomorphically projective mappings. These geometric objects reduce to the para-holomorphic projective curvature tensor in case of holomorphically projective mappings between usual para-Kähler spaces. dl(t) dt 0, t ∈ I, is said to be a holomorphically planar curve if for some functions ρ 1 and ρ 2 of a parameter t the following ordinary differential equation holds [27, 30] ∇ λ(t) λ(t) = ρ 1 (t)λ(t) + ρ 2 (t)Fλ(t),
We derive two mixed systems of Cauchy type in covariant derivatives of the first and second kind that ensures the existence of almost geodesic mappings of the second type between manifolds with non-symmetric linear connection. Also, we consider a particular class of these mappings determined by the condition ∇F = 0, where ∇ is the symmetric part of non-symmetric linear connection ∇ 1 and F is the affinor structure. The same special class of almost geodesic mappings of the second type between generalized Riemannian spaces was recently considered in the paper M.Z. Petrović, Special almost geodesic mappings of the second type between generalized Riemannian spaces, Bull. Malays. Math. Sci. Soc. (2),
Generalized m-parabolic K?hler manifolds are defined and holomorphically projective mappings between such manifolds have been considered. Two non-linear systems of PDE?s in covariant derivatives of the first and second kind for the existence of such mappings are given. Also, relations between five linearly independent curvature tensors of generalized m-parabolic K?hler manifolds with respect to these mappings are examined. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 174012]
Strengthening of concrete structures is applied as a solution for various deterioration problems in civil engineering practice. This also refers to the structures made of self-compacting concrete (SCC), which is increasingly in use, but there is a lack of research in this field. This paper presents an experimental analysis of flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) continuous beams made of SCC, strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials (glass (GFRP) and carbon (CFRP) bars, CFRP laminates), by the use of near surface mounted (NSM) and externally bonded (EB) methods. Six two-span continuous beams of a total length of 3200 mm, with the span between supports of 1500 mm and 120/200 mm cross section, were subjected to short-term load and tested. The displacements of beams and the strains in concrete, steel reinforcement, FRP bars and tapes were recorded until failure under a monotonically increasing load. The ultimate load capacities of the strengthened beams were enhanced by 22% to 82% compared to the unstrengthened control beam. The ductility of beams strengthened with GFRP bars was satisfactory, while the ductility of beams strengthened with CFRP bars and tapes was very small, so the failure modes of these beams were brittle.
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