This study aims to test the effectiveness of reality group counseling to improve student hardiness academic. This experimental study used pretest-posttest control group design. The experimental group and control group each numbered four people obtained through purposive sampling technique. Research instrument used: (1) reality group counseling procedure which has validity of inter-rater agreement model of 0.880; and (2) a scale that has item validity of 0.296 s.d. 0.610 and reliability of 0.914. Hypothesis testing using statistical test nonparametrik Mann-Whitney U Test. Based on the results of statistical tests note that the value of z arithmet =-2.309 with p value = 0.021 <0.05 states that Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. This means effective group counseling to improve student academic hardiness. The experimental group had a higher mean score than the control group.
The study aims to develop a challenge appraisal scale for detecting a challenged attitude of students in responding to various academic challenges and difficulties in higher education. The research sample consisted of 309 students from various departments at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Data analysis techniques used to evaluate the psychometric property of the scale were carried out using the item discriminating analysis, reliability analysis, and exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that the items had good discriminating power with a value range of 0.381 – 0.626, good Cronbach's alpha reliability with a value of 0.823, and the factor structure of the scale construct consisted of two aspects, namely primary appraisal and secondary appraisal with loading factor values ranging from 0.578 – 0.816. Based on this study, it is known that the Challenge Appraisal Scale is suggested to have valid and reliable instrument property so that it can be used for detecting challenged attitudes of students.
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