Airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation are fundamental hallmarks of allergic asthma that are accompanied by increases in certain polycations, such as eosinophil cationic protein. Levels of these cations in body fluids correlate with asthma severity. We show that polycations and elevated extracellular calcium activate the human recombinant and native calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), leading to intracellular calcium mobilization, cyclic adenosine monophosphate breakdown, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. These effects can be prevented by CaSR antagonists, termed calcilytics. Moreover, asthmatic patients and allergen-sensitized mice expressed more CaSR in ASMs than did their healthy counterparts. Indeed, polycations induced hyper-reactivity in mouse bronchi, and this effect was prevented by calcilytics and absent in mice with CaSR ablation from ASM. Calcilytics also reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in allergen-sensitized mice in vivo. These data show that a functional CaSR is up-regulated in asthmatic ASM and targeted by locally produced polycations to induce hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Thus, calcilytics may represent effective asthma therapeutics.

Government regulations regulate pharmaceutical care standards at pharmacies to ensure the quality of pharmaceutical care to patient. The impact of not implementing a good pharmaceutical service activity is that medication errors can occur in the pharmaceutical service process. The study aimed to determine if there is any correlation between customer satisfaction and the application of the standards of pharmaceutical care in Rembang. This is a cross sectional survey research with purposive sampling technique. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires filled by community pharmacists and patients attending community pharmacies. The study was conducted at 4 (four) community pharmacies in Rembang. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation. Questionnaires were filled by 4 pharmacists’ measuring aspects of facilities, infrastructure and services. The level of satisfaction of 94 community pharmacies’ patients were measured in 5 dimensions i.e. reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness. The quality of pharmaceutical care scoring and patients’ satisfaction showed no relationship p (95%; 2 tailed) = 0.503.

Stroke is cardiovascular disease that causes the world's highest disability and is the most prevalence disease after heart disease and cancer. Stroke is caused by circulatory disorders with 80% of the sufferers are diagnosed with ischemic stroke and 20% of them are diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke. Patients who survive from the first stroke have high risk to have recurrent stroke. American Heart Association/American Stroke Association and Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Syaraf Indonesia recommend secondary stroke prevention therapy including antiplatelet/anticoagulant, antihypertensive agents, and antidislipidemia to minimalize the risk of recurrent stroke. Secondary stroke prevention therapy is only the first step. Patients need to be adhere to those therapies. The non-adherence will increase the risk of recurrent stroke. The study aimed to determine factors which causing the non-adherence to secondary prevention therapy in patients with ischemic stroke. This was a case control study with concecutive sampling method by interviewing patients who met the inclusion criterias i.e., had been diagnosed and were inpatients due to ischemic stroke, but in the time of interview patients were outpatients, patients were able to communicate and agree to participate in the study.Data was analized by bivariate / chi square test and multivariate logistic regression test. During the study period, 184 respondents met the inclusion criterias. Factors affecting non-adherence in the use of secondary prevention therapy were No one reminded to take medicine p = 0.03; OR 4.51, denial of the disease p = 0,036 OR 214, and tired of taking medicine p = 0,045 OR 1,97.

Nanosensor based on color changes to environmental changes is developing very rapidly nowadays. The aim of this study was to prepare responsive-hydrogel incorporating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and cysteine. Gold nanoparticles were self-assembled with poly(acrylic acid) and cysteine, which were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, zeta potential was measured by particle size analyzer (PSA), and characteristic of particles was portrayed using TEM. The results showed that the size of the nanoparticles produced is 13.27±2.43 nm. It was proven that the change in color of the nano-produced particles was resulted from swelling and shrinking of the sensitive-hydrogel that changed the distance of the AuNPs triggered by different pH. This nanosensor was successfully embedded into a hydrogel and showed a unique swelling/deswelling properties as a response to pH changes.

ABSTRAKDesa Cabeyan di Kecamatan Bendosari, Sukoharjo memiliki lahan pekarangan yang sebagian dimanfaatkan untuk budi daya berbagai tanaman sayur, buah, dan tanaman obat. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan, terutama untuk budi daya tanaman empon-empon dan pengolahan empon-empon. Sasaran yang dituju yaitu Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) desa Cabeyan, agar dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan melalui pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini yaitu dengan edukasi kepada anggota KWT yang disampaikan secara lisan, dilanjutkan dengan praktik pembuatan produk dari empon-empon. Hasil analisis pre-test dan post-test menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman dari KWT terkait pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan untuk budi daya empon-empon, dari 61% menjadi 86%, dan peningkatan keterampilan dari KWT dalam mengolah empon-empon menjadi produk serbuk minuman instan. Kata kunci: pekarangan, tanaman obat keluarga, Kelompok Wanita Tani, desa Cabeyan ABSTRACT Cabeyan Village in Bendosari Sub-district, Sukoharjo has a yard which is partly used for cultivating various vegetables, fruit and medicinal plants. The purpose of this community service activity is to optimize the use of yard land, especially for empon-empon plant cultivation and empon-empon processing. The intended target is the Women Farmers Group (KWT) in Cabeyan village, in order to improve welfare through the use of yard land. The method used in this service is education to KWT members which is delivered orally, followed by the practice of making products from empon-empon. The results of the pre-test and post-test analysis showed an increase in KWT's understanding regarding the use of yard land for empon-empon cultivation, from 61% to 86%, and an increase in KWT's skills in processing empon-empon into instant drink powder products.