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Introduction:Vitamin D (vit D) deficiency has defined as a health problem worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that obesity is an epidemic of the 21st century. Previous studies have shown that obesity may increase the risk of Vit D deficiency. Furthermore, other studies have demonstrated that vit D insufficiency was accompanied with higher risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and obesity. The aim of this study was to survey the effect of vit D supplementation on weight loss among overweight and obese women aged 20–40 years in Isfahan.Methods:This double-blind clinical trial was done on 50 overweight and obese women who were divided into two groups, in which one group received vit D supplements and the other group received placebo. Intervention group received vit D with dozes 50,000 IU/w for 6 weeks. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (ins), homeostasis model assessment of ins resistance (IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), height, weight (WT), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and blood pressure (BP) were measured before and after intervention.Results:After using vit D supplementation for 6 weeks, WT, WC, and body mass index (BMI) were decreased significantly and serum vit D increased significantly compared to control group (P < 0.001). Other factors including TC, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c, FBS, CRP, ins, IR, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) did not change significantly (P > 0.05).Conclusions:After 6 weeks of intervention, the means of WT, BMI, WC, and HC decreased significantly. Previous studies have shown that vit D deficiency was more prevalence in obese people and there was an inverse association among vit D with BMI and WC. The relationship between vit D and lipid profiles such as glycemic indexes, anthropometric indexes, CRP, and BP is not clear and needs more study in the future.

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The present study aimed to assess the value of pre-diabetes and pre-hypertension in predicting cardiovascular events. A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted, representing a large sample of the general Iranian population aged 35 years and older from the Isfahan Province and determined using a random, multistage cluster-sampling 10-year cohort. The five end points considered as study outcome were unstable angina (UA), acute occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI), sudden cardiac death (SCD), brain stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of the 6323 subjects scheduled for assessment of diabetes state 617 were diabetics and 712 were pre-diabetic. In addition, of these subjects, 1754 had hypertension and 2500 had pre-hypertension. Analysing only pre-hypertension, pre-diabetes and its combination and adjusted for gender and age variables, pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes status together, could only effectively predict occurrence of MI (hazard ratio (HR)=3.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-9.76, P=0.04). In the same COX regression models, pre-hypertension status could predict UA and CVD occurrence (HR=2.94, 95% CI: 1.68-5.14, P<0.001 and HR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.23-2.47, P=0.002, respectively). However, pre-diabetes status could not predict any of these events after adjustment for gender and age. Our data provide valuable evidence of the triggering role of pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes together, on appearance and progression of MI even in healthy individuals and the significant predicting value of pre-hypertension on the occurrence of UA and CVD. In this regard, the value of pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes together, and the pre-hypertension state alone, are clearly superior to pre-diabetes state alone in predicting cardiovascular events.

Background: Successful anesthesia is a major concern in during pulpotomy treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block using 2% lidocaine and buccal infiltration using 4% articaine for pulpotomy of mandibular primary second molars. Methods: This randomized cross-over clinical trial was performed in 23 children (five to eight-year-old) from July through November 2016, referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences who needed pulpotomy treatment in both mandibular primary second molars. The Patients’ feeling during injection and their behavior during pulpotomy and post-treatment complications were registered. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used for analyzing the data. A significant level of differences was taken as p≤ 0.05. Results: Patients’ feeling during injection and post-treatment complications did not significantly differ between two groups (p>0.05). Patients’ behavior during pulpotomy was significantly better in articaine group (p=0.004). Conclusion: Articaine buccal infiltration can be used successfully in pulpotomy of mandibular primary second molars. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial: (IRCT2015042321484N2).

Microalbuminuria at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy might increase the risks of preterm labor, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm premature rupture of membranes.

Background:Healthy nutrition particularly the energy intake and the essential nutrients in female students is very important. This study aims to assess micro- and macronutrient intakes in female students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study involved 100 female students aged between 18 and 25 years in 2008–2009. Anthropometrics measures were performed and two 24-hours food recalls were used to collect the dietary information and were analyzed using food processor 2 and compared with the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) 2008.Findings:As many as 61.1% of subjects resided in dormitories; 12.7% were married. Prevalence of overweight or obesity and abdominal obesity in the subjects studied were 6.9% and 46.1%, respectively. The mean (±SD) systolic blood pressure was 105.2 ± 15.6 mmHg and the diastolic was 62.2 ± 10.4 mmHg. Totally, 3.9% of the subjects had hypertension. Food intake analysis indicated that B12, folate, magnesium, potassium, and calcium were below the recommended level, and vitamin C, E, pantothenic acid, B1, B3, phosphate, and zinc were above, and energy intake, macronutrient, vitamin A, pyridoxine, iron, and selenium were, in general, adequate.Conclusion:The findings of the study indicated that macronutrients intake was appropriate, but the problem mainly existed in the consumption of micronutrients. It is recommended to increase the intakes of important food groups such as dairy, vegetable, and fruit that are proper sources of micronutrients, and it is also suggested to improve strategies and the competence in this area of nutrition.

Background: Cadmium accumulation is a growing problem for foodstuff and the environment; it has negative impacts on humans including the damage to kidneys and liver tissue, as well as carcinogenesis, and emphysema. Objectives: The current research aimed at evaluating the effect of planting systems of agricultural products and different growth stages on cadmium concentration in wheat seed. Methods: The study was carried out as a split plot experiment based a randomized complete-block design with 3 replications in the seasonal year of 2014 -2015. The main factor included 2 cropping systems (wheat-rice, fallow-wheat) and the subfactor were the growth stages (tillering, flowering, and maturity). Comparison of the amount of wheat seed cadmium concentrations between the 2 cropping systems was performed by t test. Results: The difference in seed cadmium concentration between the 2 cropping systems was significant (P < 0.01), and seed cadmium concentration in rice-wheat cropping system with an average of 0.31 mg/kg was higher than that of the fallow-wheat planting system (0.27 mg/kg) as well as the world health organization (WHO) standard (0.20 mg/kg). The ANOVA results showed the significant effect of cropping systems and different growth stages on the cadmium concentration of plant, root, stem, and soil phosphorus content (P < 0.01). Rice-wheat cropping system, due to high consumption of non-standard phosphate fertilizers (such as cadmium), higher soil phosphorus concentrations (9.03 mg/kg), and residues of the previous products had high cadmium concentration in plant (1.83 mg/kg), root (1.09 mg/kg) and stem (0.73 mg/kg) than those of the fallow-wheat cropping system. Conclusions: Due to high accumulation of cadmium in wheat yield, management of phosphate consumption based the standards of Soil and Water Research Institute is recommended.