Objectives: Patients in coronary care unit (CCU) are at risk of sleep deprivation. This study investigated effects of eye mask on sleep quality in patients of CCU in Southeast of Iran by a cross-over design. Methods: Using Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale (VSH Sleep Scale), quality sleep of 60 patients with and without usage of eye mask were evaluated. This tool consists of 16 items that includes three main sleep sub scales: disturbance, effectiveness, and supplementation. Results: In total, 34, 22 and 4 out of 60 patients were admitted to CCU due to myocardial infarction (MI), chest pain and angina pectoris, respectively. Mean time of patients' nocturnal sleep was 6.6 ± 1.1 hours. Using eye mask have statistically significant increased the quality of sleep in subscales disturbance and effectiveness (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, the use of eye mask is an easy and cheap method to improve the quality of sleep in CCU patients.
To evaluate the protoscolicidal effects of various concentrations of hypertonic glucose, live protoscolices of sheep were exposed to 10%, 15%, 25% and 50% glucose solutions. Cetrimide (0.5%), silver nitrate (0.5%) and hypertonic saline (20%) were used as positive controls, while physiological saline was used as a negative control. After 1, 2 and 5 min, the protoscolicidal effects were determined by 1% eosin. A 25% glucose solution had no significant protoscolicidal effect. However, a 50% glucose solution revealed higher protoscolicidal effect than 0.5% silver nitrate but weaker effect than 0.5% cetrimide; the effect was comparable with that of 20% hypertonic saline. The results showed that hypertonic glucose solution is highly effective in killing protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro.
In spite of the use of protoscolocidal agents during hydatid cyst surgery, a notable rate of disease recurrence in postoperation patients is still observed. The question remains whether living protoscolices lead to recurrence or the recurrence is due to the remainder of the germinative layer in the peritoneal cavity. The aim of this study was in vivo evaluation of different chemical (protoscolicidal) solutions on the germinative layer of the hydatid cyst. The germinative layer of sheep hydatid cyst was separated under sterile condition, divided into 0.25-cm(2) parts, and exposed to 0.5% cetrimide, 0.5% silver nitrate, 20% hypertonic saline, 15% dextrose and 25% dextrose, and normal saline as negative control for 2 min. The exposed germinative layers were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of 90 Balb/C mice (15 mice in each group). After nine months, the peritoneum was evaluated macroscopically as well as microscopically for the presence of any hydatid cyst. No hydatid cyst was observed in the peritoneal cavity of the exposed mice. The role of the germinative layer for inducing hydatid cysts in mice is questionable. However, the present study showed that the germinative layer had no role in the induction of hydatid cyst in these laboratory animals.
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