Periodontal disease (PD) and peri-implantitis (PI) are characterized by an immune response leading to destructive inflammation. The prominent impact of genetic factors on periodontitis has been previously evaluated and IL-17 has found to play a critical role in this process. This cytokine has a controversial behavior. This study aimed at finding out whether the polymorphism of this cytokine plays a significant role in chronic periodontitis (CP) and PI or it is just a pro-inflammatory regulatory cytokine. Fresh human blood samples were obtained and three main genotypes were traced carefully. The samples were transferred into 96-well plates and sent to KBioscience Institute in the United Kingdom for genotyping the polymorphism using Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) technique. SPSS version19 software and chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical differences considering p-value less than 0.05. A significant difference was detected between the three groups in terms of specific SNP studied in this experiment (P = 0.00). The CC genotype of IL17 polymorphism (rs10484879) may contribute to the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis and periodontitis. The association of IL-17 polymorphism with PI and CP is a promising finding that may help in future similar studies on other ethnicities and larger study populations.

ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to compare the cytotoxicity of Reso-Pac and Coe-Pak periodontal dressing.Material and MethodsAccording to ISO-10993-12:2012, 1-, 3- and 7-day extracts of the two periodontal dressings were prepared in cell culture medium and exposed to the two cultured cell lines. Cell viability and proliferation at 24 h and 72 h following exposure were evaluated using quantitative MTT assay.ResultsThe results showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the viability of cells exposed to the 3- and 7-day Coe-Pak extracts at 24 h and 72 h compared to the control group (no exposure to the extract). Reso-Pac extracts slightly decreased cell viability compared to the control group. Understudy materials showed greater cytotoxicity against human osteoblast-like compared to the human gingival fibroblast cells. No significant (P > 0.05) difference was found in the viability of cells exposed to undiluted (100%) one-day extract and diluted (50%) extract of both understudy materials at 24 h and 72 h after exposure.ConclusionsBased on the results, Reso-Pac periodontal dressing has less cytotoxicity than Coe-Pak.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis study sought to review the efficacy of amoxicillin/metronidazole dose and duration time in the treatment of stage II -III grade C periodontitis (aggressive periodontitis) after current follow-up. Material and Methods: An electronic search of the literature was performed in three main databases for relevant articles published until 31 th of December 2021. According to the PRISMA statement, the extracted data from selected articles were pooled. The weighted mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and probing depth (PD) reduction at 3 and 6 months of follow-up were calculated. The heterogeneity of the data was evaluated by the I 2 test. Results: The results of six randomized clinical trials revealed significant improvement of clinical parameters in moderate and severe pockets. Prescription of 400 to 500 mg metronidazole caused significant CAL gain changes just in moderate pockets (MD = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.11 to 2.53; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Amoxicillin/metronidazole has positive short-term effects as an adjunct to scaling and root planning for treatment of stage II -III grade C periodontitis. Higher doses of metronidazole (400 to 500 mg) are required for optimal efficacy regarding clinical attachment level gain.

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PurposePeri-implantitis and periodontitis are inflammatory and infectious diseases of implant and tooth-supporting tissues. Recently, the role of gene polymorphisms of immune response components in the relevant pathogenesis has been investigated. The present study was the first to evaluate the relationship between two known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β (RANK) gene (rs3018362 and rs35211496) in chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis patients in an Iranian population.MethodsEighty-one periodontally healthy patients, 38 patients with peri-implantitis, and 74 patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from blood arm vein samples by using Miller's salting out technique according to the manufacturer's instructions given in the extraction kit. The concentration of DNA samples was measured using a spectrophotometer. The genetic polymorphisms of the RANK gene were evaluated using a competitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KBioscience allele specific PCR) technique. Differences in the frequencies of genotypes and alleles in the diseased and healthy groups were analyzed using chi-squared statistical tests (P<0.05).ResultsAnalysis of rs35211496 revealed statistically significant differences in the expression of the TT, TC, and CC genotypes among the three groups (P=0.00). No statistically significant difference was detected in this respect between the control group and the chronic periodontitis group. The expression of the GG, GA, and AA genotypes and allele frequencies (rs3018362) showed no statistically significant difference among the three groups (P=0.21).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that the CC genotype of the rs35211496 RANK gene polymorphism was significantly associated with peri-implantitis and may be considered a genetic determinant for peri-implantitis, but this needs to be confirmed by further studies in other populations.Graphical Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the extent of clinical attachment loss (CAL) as a clinical parameter in the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in non-surgical management of stage II-IV grade C molar-incisor pattern Periodontitis. This review protocol was conducted in accordance with PRISMA statements and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022321211). An electronic and manual search was conducted for relevant articles comparing the efficacy of aPDT versus scaling and root planning (SRP) alone or with amoxicillin/metronidazole (AMX/MET) published up until December 2021. The mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD) reduction, and bleeding on probing (BOP) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled and compared between the two groups with CAL < and > 7 mm using a random-effect model after 3 and 6 months. To assess the heterogeneity of the findings, the I2 test was applied and Publication bias was evaluated by visual examination of the funnel plot symmetry. Analysis of 9 studies indicated a significant difference in clinical attachment gain in patients with CAL > 7 mm between the aPDT group and the SRP alone (mean difference=0.92, 95% CI=0.01-1.84, P=0.05) and SRP + AMX/MET (mean difference=0.91, 95% CI=-0.14-1.68, P=0.02) control groups. However, this difference was not significant in patients with CAL < 7 mm. Despite the limitations of the included studies, aPDT can be suggested for the improvement of clinical parameters in grade C molar-incisor pattern Periodontitis with CAL > 7 mm. However, its application in milder cases requires further investigation.

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