The isolation and identification of microorganisms associated with digital dermatitis (DD) in Turkish dairy cattle was investigated using punch skin biopsy samples from typical clinical lesions; they were collected from dairy farms and abattoirs in 5 different geographical locations in Turkey. Morphological characteristics and flagellation types were examined using a transmission electron microscope, and their enzyme profiles by enzyme activation kits; their catalase reaction characteristics were evaluated by the addition of 3% HO. Their phylogenies were identified using 16S rRNA and the results compared with known gene bank data. Bacterial cells were 5.0 to 18.2 µm long, 0.2 to 0.5 µm wide, and their minimum number of periplasmic flagellum was 4 (4:8:4) with a maximum of 8 (8:16:8). All isolates were catalase negative. Of the spirochetes isolated and identified, group I organisms showed close similarity with Treponema pedis (99% genetic homology), whereas those in group II were similar to Treponema phagedenis (98% homology). This is the first report of specific sub-groups of Treponema spp., isolated from Turkish dairy cattle presenting with DD lesions, being associated with this disease; these morphotypes were similar to those found globally in housed dairy cattle units and are probably significant microorganisms associated with the aetiopathogensis of this infectious disease causing acute bovine lameness. These results suggest that the distribution of DD-associated treponemes is not specific to particular geographic regions of Turkey.
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of 10 different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from local food sources of animal origin against 4 Enterobacter cloacae isolates obtained from clinical cases and determine their adhesion potentials to intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, all Enterobacter cloacae isolates (P3, P4, P5, P7) identified with the BD Phoenix automation system were detected to form biofilm with both Congo red agar and Microtiter plate methods. Amoxicillinclavulanate, cefuroxime, and ampicillin resistance was determined in all isolates. It was determined that LAB strains producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) were able to colonize intestinal epithelial cells. It is noteworthy that LAB extracts were effective to inhibit the biofilm formation of P3Ec, which had higher antibiotic resistance than those of other isolates. Antimicrobial effect of LAB extracts on Enterobacter cloacae were also detected by both agar disc diffusion and well diffusion tests. In this study, all of the isolated LAB strains (especially L. lactis, L. fermentum, and L. casei) are good candidates for controlling Enterobacter cloacae biofilm formation. These findings indicate that L. lactis, L. fermentum, and L. casei can potentially be developed as novel antibiofilm agents.
There are new emerging cattle mastitis agents that have become a major burden economically on the dairy industry because of their negatively affects on production and quality in dairy cattle farming in Turkey,. To overcome this emerged problem, antimicrobials are adopted in this sector to prevent and administrate mastitis and other bacterial infections affecting cattle in the country. Nevertheless, the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing in both animal and human contaminants. The occurrence and features of AMR of the emerging cattle mastitis agents in dairy cattle in Turkey, have been manifested. As a result, the goal of this research was to assess secluded emerging cattle mastitis agents in Turkey and to appraise the antimicrobial susceptibility of these pathogens. Sixty one milk samples from cattle wwith mastitis were collected between 2014 and 2018 for assessment of clinical mastitis in diagnostic and analysis laboratory of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University. Twenty five microorganism species arised as cattle mastitis agents were assessed in these milk samples. The outcomes of the present study identified the necessity for advancements in antimicrobial stewardship as well as infection administration plans in Turkish farms to decrease the occurence of AMR. VITEK Compact® 2 systemmethod showed that Streptococcus uberis had the maximum AMR while Globicatella sulfidifaciens had the minimum AMR. The study depicts that the number of cattle mastitis is directly proportional to the size of the herd.
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