This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate and compare the pattern of firearm injuries in Qena Governorate during the years 2010 and 2011 (before and after the 25th January Egyptian revolution) based on examination of medicolegal reports belong to cases of firearm injuries which referred to the Medicolegal Department of Ministry of Justice, in Qena Governorate. Firearm injuries were 356 and 448 cases which represented 38.56% and 40.7% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. Most of injuries occurred in males which represented 95.5% and 96 % of total cases and the highest percentage of victims was in the age group 21-30 years which represented 42.41% and 42.18% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. The highest percentage of cases among regions of the Governorate was in Deshna center which represented 20.2% and 20.3% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. Most of cases occurred in summer months which represented 30.34% and 33% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. Long rifled weapons constituted the highest percentage of used weapons which represented 87.4% and 96.4 % of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. The most common site for entrance wounds was the extremities which represented 85.67% and 81.2% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. Most cases were due to perpendicular firing which represented 84.5% and 88% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. The head and chest injuries constituted the highest percentage of causes of death which represented 42.1% and 37% of total cases in year 2010 while they represented 40.7% and 31.6% of total cases in year 2011 respectively. Fatal cases represented 5.3% and 18.1% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively while the nonfatal cases represented 94.7% and 81.9% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. Permanent infirmities occurred in 7.1% and 8.7% of nonfatal cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. As regard the manner of injuries, homicidal injuries represented 89.6 % and 87.5%, accidental injury represented 8.9% and 11.8%, suicidal injury represented 1.5% and 0.7% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. As regard motives of injuries revenge was the commonest motive for injuries which represented 54.7% and 44.6% of total cases then dispute in 32.95% and 41.47% of total cases in years 2010 and 2011 respectively. This study concluded that the percentage of firearm injuries was increased in year 2011 than year 2010 due to absence of security role and presence of unlicensed weapons. Minimization of firearm injuries necessitates activation of police role, enforcement of law in prevention of possession and trafficking of unlicensed weapons as well as strengthen the active role of conciliation and dispute resolution committees in the community.
Lead is a toxicant heavy metal which cross the placenta and accumulate in the fetal tissues. Prenatal exposure to lead poses a health threat and causes adverse effects on intrauterine growth and neurodevelopment. The present study aimed to: 1) Determine maternal as well as fetal blood and hair lead levels. 2) Evaluate the correlation between maternal and fetal levels of lead. 3) Study the possible effects of maternal blood lead levels on the anthropometric measurements of their neonates. The study was carried out on 38 pregnant women and their fetuses. All blood and hair samples of the mothers and their fetuses were analyzed for estimation of lead concentration using atomic absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed significant increase in maternal and fetal blood as well as hair lead. There was statistically significant correlation between maternal and fetal blood lead and maternal and fetal hair lead. The high levels of maternal blood lead affect the anthropometric measurement of the fetus. The affection of dimension of infant growth at level ≥ 10 µg/dl was more than low levels. Also, there was significant negative correlation between maternal blood lead levels and birth weight, fetal length, head circumference, chest circumference and mid-arm circumference. In conclusion, there was highly statistically significant relation between maternal and fetal blood lead levels, hair help in the determination of level of lead exposure as there was significant relation between fetal blood and hair lead levels. Also, lead levels in maternal blood affect neonatal anthropometric measurements. Simple preventive measures may play a role in decreasing maternal blood lead and thereby decreasing trans-placental transfer of lead to the fetus and protect the fetus from adverse effect of lead.
The World is suffering from an increasing burden of mental disorders and a widening treatment gap; about 450 million people worldwide suffer from a mental disorder or behavioral disorders. This study evaluate the size of the mental disorder problem in Assuit Governorate during the period from 2005 to 2010 through collection of cases of mental disorders files from archive of Assuit Medico-Legal Department of Ministry of Justice during the period from 2005 to 2010. Methods: Data of cases suffering from mental disorders was collected from the archive of Assiut Medico-Legal Department of Ministry of Justice during the period from 2005-2010. The collected data included number of mental disorders cases, age, sex, and residence, sociodemographic factors, type of complaint of the plaintiff, the common types of mental disorders, and types of the problems with mental disorders civil or criminal. Results: The total number of the cases with mental disorders in the period from 2005 to 2010 was 163 cases, the highest percent of mental disorders cases occurred in the year 2008 with a percent of 19, 64 % from all mental disorders cases during the period from 2005 to 2010 followed by the year 2009 with a percent of 19 % while the lowest number of cases was in 2006 with a percent of 11.66 %. The highest frequency of mental disorders occurred in the middle age group from 20-< 30 years, with male predominance. Males represent about triple the number of females. The frequency of mental disorders was the highest in Assiut City (65) cases (39.88 %) while the least percentage was 2 cases (1.23 %) in El Ghanaime. Most of the cases (61.59 %) had with primary mental disorders while only (37.43 %) had secondary mental disorders and both of them were more common in males. The Classification according to psychiatric consultants who contracting with the Assuit Medico-Legal Department of Ministry of Justice. The majority of cases (159 cases) in this study were presented with civil problems and only 4 cases were presented with criminal problems. Conclusion: the problem of mental disorder is considered one of the challenges that face the Egyptian community so all efforts must cooperate to eliminate and treat all the problems associated with it.
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