Female Wistar-albino rats were given lead acetate (PbAc) for 60 days to investigate the protective effects of L-carnitine (CA) clinically and histopathologically on PbAc-induced tissue damage. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein for hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine. PbAc treatment caused a significant decrease in HB, HCT and RBC, a significant increase in WBC, AST, ALT and creatinine compared to controls. Although administration of CA did not reverse HB and HCT values, it reversed both the decrease in RBC and the increase in WBC, AST, ALT and creatinine. After the experimental period, all rats were weighed, then decapitated for pathological examination. Control rat liver, kidney and brain showed normal histological architecture. Lead-induced nephropathic kidneys; degenerative changes, inflammation and portal edema of the liver; and brain neuropil vacuolation, neuronal vacuolation, satellitosis and neuronophagia were observed in experimental groups. All changes were reduced in the PbAc group treated with CA (PbAc + CA). PbAc caused copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) expression in both the hepatocytes and tubular epithelium of the kidney. PbAc + CA exposure caused moderate Cu/Zn-SOD immunoreactivity. While in the brain sections of the PbAc group the degenerative neurons were stained intensely with anti-ubiquitin antibody, PbAc + CA rats showed moderate staining in neurons with anti-ubiquitin antibody. These results show that CA as a food additive reduced the severity of tissue damage caused by PbAc.

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the predisposing effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) on Pasteurella spp. infection in naturally-induced pneumonia in cattle by immunohistochemical labelling.Material and MethodsLungs of cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouse were examined macroscopically, and 100 pneumonic samples were taken. The samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin by routine methods. Sections 5 μm in thickness were cut. The streptavidin-peroxidase method (ABC) was used to stain the sections for immuno-histochemical examination.ResultsBRSV antigens were found in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoles and within inflammatory cell debris and inflammatory exudate in bronchial lumens. Pasteurella spp. antigens were detected in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of bronchi and bronchioles, and in cells in the lumens of bronchi and bronchioles. Eleven cases were positive for only one pathogen (six for BRSV and five for Pasteurella spp.), while 35 cases were positive for 2 pathogens: BRSV plus P. multocida (n = 21) or M. haemolytica (n = 14).ConclusionThe presence of high levels of BRSV in dual infections indicates that BSRV may be the main pneumonia-inducing agent and an important predisposing factor for the formation of Pasteurella spp. infections in cattle naturally afflicted with pneumonia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diet type, supplementation diet with an essential oil mixture (EOM), and bird gender on the growth performance, carcass yield, internal organ weight, immune response, and small intestine histology of broiler chickens. To do this, a 2¥2¥2 factorial arrangement was designed. The variables used were: two diet types (based on either wheat or corn), 2 feed additives (with or without EOM), and gender (male or female). EOM supplementation in the diet decreased body weight in corn-fed male birds at Days 21 and 42, but not in those fed the wheat-based diet, signifying a diet ¥ EOM ¥ gender interaction. Cumulative feed intake was not influenced by either the diet type or EOM. The feed conversion ratio was not affected by diet type, whereas EOM improved feed conversion ratio over the 42-day growth period. Feeding birds on wheat decreased the carcass yield while it increased relative small intestine and large intestine weight. Relative weights of liver, bursa fabricius and serum infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Newcastle disease (ND) titers were not affected by any of the variables studied. EOM supplementation and feeding birds on corn increased jejunal villus height at both 21 and 42 days of age, while bird gender showed no effect. In general, EOM positively influenced body weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion in broiler chickens. Birds receiving the corn-based diet were more efficient in converting feed to body mass as compared to those fed on the wheat-based diet.

This paper reports on an unusual case of pleural epitheloid mesothelioma in a nine-month-old male, mixed breed dog. The dog was presented in-extremis and, on post mortem examination, multiple, exophytic, frequently pedunculated, yellowish-red, soft to firm masses ranging from 3 mm to 6 cm in diameter were diffusely distributed over, and attached to, the pericardial and parietal pleural surfaces. Microscopically, these masses consisted of round to partially polygonalshaped, anaplastic cells with minimal cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei covering papillomatous projections or as part of more densely cellular masses. A supporting fibrovascular stroma and mitotic figures were also evident. Constituent tumour cells were labeled positively with antibodies against both vimentin and cytokeratin. In contrast, the same cells exhibited equivocal labeling with an antibody directed against calretinin antigen and did not label with antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and milk fat globule-related antigen (MFGRA). Such tumours are rare in dogs, particularly in such a young animal.

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pneumonia suspected lung tissues were examined histopathologically, immunohistochemically and microbiologically, in Sanliurfa province. After definition of the macroscopic localization of the consolidated areas in the lungs, tissue samples were taken and preserved in cold chain and 10% formalin for microbiological and pathological examinations, respectively. For bacteriological examination of Pasteurella spp. lung specimens were inoculated in 7% sheep blood agar and Mc Conkey agar. After routine pathological tissue follow up procedure, tissues were embedded in paraffin and obtained sections stained with Hematoxylin&Eosin (H&E). The cases, having histopathological findings consistent with pneumonia, were forwarded to immunohistochemical (IHC) examinations to know whether lesions related to Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida using hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit sera in Avidin Biotin Complex Peroxidase (ABC-P). Microbiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were comparatively evaluated in examined animals. Pasteurella multocida as a cause of pneumonia were detected in 38 cases of microbiological inoculations. Immunohistochemical staining resulted Mannheimia haemolytica (n=35) and Pasteurella multocida (n=30) positive. Immunohistochemically both Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were positive in 23 cases and 45 animals were negative for both bacteria. The aim of this study is to show importance and role of Pasteurella spp, in sheep pneumonia in Sanliurfa region.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of bovine ocular and periocular neoplasms and the results of the therapeutic procedures. The study materials were 15 cattle with ocular-periocular neoplasms, which were housed at modern farm premises or family holdings and either referred to the surgery clinic or treated on-site, between 2008-2011. Treatment was performed by local tumour extirpation in 5 cases and ocular extirpation in 10 cases. In the post operative period, routine controls and wound care were performed on a weekly basis for a one month period in all of the cases. Furthermore, efforts were made to obtain information from the animal owner up to the 6th month post-operation. Based on the histopathological examination of the extirpated neoplastic tissues, 11 of the cases (73%) were diagnosed with ocular squamous cell carcinoma, whilst 1 case (7%) each was diagnosed with trichoepithelioma, solid apocrine ductal carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, and fibrosarcoma. Until the 6th month post-operation no finding that would suggest the recurrence or possible metastasis of the neoplasms has been observed. In one of the cases, swelling of the parotid lymph node, which lasted for one month, was encountered, whilst another case presented with orbital infection that responded to treatment. During the follow-up period, it was observed that, the therapeutic procedures succeeded in all 15 cases, and decreased milk yields and weight loss improved to a large extent. In conclusion, local tumour extirpation and total extirpation of the eye performed for the treatment of various neoplasms that occur in ocular and periocular tissues are readily applicable and inexpensive methods with low complication risk. Furthermore, these methods are considered feasible as they maintain the economic life of animals and minimize economic losses through the relief of chronic pain.