Sustainability in the agricultural field suggests the conservation and maintenance of a natural environment of soil. Nevertheless, in the potato production chain, the mechanized harvest is carried out with the concurring removal of impurities and fertile soil. The authors have developed a new spiral potato cleaner which is able to capture and efficiently remove soil lumps of various sizes and shapes, as well as various plant residues. Theoretical and experimental studies have been performed on this soil clod cleaner to determine the structural and kinematic parameters that provide efficient capturing, motion and sifting down of the soil, through the gaps between the helices of its cleaning spirals. An analytical description of the motion of the clod of soil has been made and a system of differential equations has been compiled, whose numerical solution made it possible to determine the indicated reasonable operative parameters of the developed spiral potato cleaner. The results of the experimental research confirmed those ones obtained through the numerical solution of the mathematical model, i.e., rational angular speed ω of the rotation of the spirals from 20.0 to 30.0 rad s−1 and the radius R of spirals between 0.12 and 0.15 m.
Goal. To justify the rational constructive and kinematic parameters of the new cleaner of potato heap of spiral type based on the results of multi-factor experimental field studies. Methods. Methods of correlation and regression analyses and the methods of construction of nomograms were applied for processing and analysis of experimental research. Results. A new design is developed of a cleaner of potato heap, which consists of 3 console-located drive coils. It provides an active cleaning surface for the dug heap. It is possible to change the angle of the inclination of the cleaning surface to the horizon, which provides a different intensity of separation of impurities and ensures the movement of tubers in the direction of the conveyor belt. That also contributes to a better dispersal of the heap at the working surface of the cleaner, more intensive destruction of soil lumps, and consequently, to improve screening and reduce clogging of the cleaning coils. An experimental study in the production conditions showed that cleaning of potato tubers from impurities was due to the intensive movement of the heap coils of cantilevered cleaning coil springs. Cleaning coil springs rotate not only with a given angular velocity, but at the same time oscillate their console ends due to the deflection of the longitudinal axis under the weight of the heap in the working area of the cleaner. Conclusions. The model of monofactorial experiment is built according to the field experimental studies, statistical processing of the results of which is implemented using Microsoft Excel. Graphic dependencies are built, allowing us to choose rational constructive and kinematic parameters of potato cleaners of spiral type at designing and developing new potato harvesters.
The study guide related to the basics of conducting scientific research in the field of agro- engineering, which are carried out in higher education. Along with the presentation of basic concepts, theoretical provisions and methods of conducting experimental research, the manual contains tasks and methodical instructions for laboratory and practical work on the subject of scientific research and patent science, which are taught at the engineering faculties of agricul- tural universities. The basics of the research methodology of work processes and parameters of agricultural machines and mechanized processes are given. Intended for students, masters, postgraduates, researchers, specialists in agricultural engi- neering and industrial mechanical engineering.
The study guide covers all the topics of the curriculum in theoretical mechanics in the section of statics for the faculties of mechanical engineering, namely, it contains problems on the following topics: linkages, a system of convergent forces on a plane and in space, an arbitrary plane system of forces, equilibrium of a composite structure, calculation of forces in a truss rod, an arbitrary spatial system of forces, the equilibrium of a body taking into account frictional forces and the center of gravity. Each topic of the main material of the course contains the necessary theoretical information, the necessary recommendations for solving problems and the problems themselves and their detailed solution. The study guide is intended for students and postgraduates in the specialty 133 – Industrial mechanical engineering.
The study guide covers all topics of the theoretical mechanic’s curriculum in the dynamics section for mechanical engineering faculties, namely, it contains problems in such sections as the dynamics of a material point and the dynamics of a mechanical system. Each topic of the main material of the course contains the necessary theoretical information, the necessary recommendations for solving problems and the problems themselves and their detailed solution. The study guide is intended for students and postgraduates in the specialty 133 – Industrial mechanical engineering.
Goal. To improve the productivity and quality of digging sugar beetroots by substantiating the rational design and kinematic parameters of the vibrating digging working body. Methods. Theoretical research uses methods of higher mathematics, in particular the integration of differential equations, and theoretical mechanics -the basic law of dynamics of a material point. Results. An equivalent scheme of force interaction of a root with working surfaces of vibrating digging working body is made, on the basis of which a new calculated mathematical model of vibration extraction of beetroot from the soil is constructed. The solution of this system of differential equations on the PC made it possible to build the basic graphical relationships between the structural and kinematic parameters of this process. Conclusions. New analytical dependences of velocity and root movement in time in the direction of translational motion of the vibrating digging working body taking into account its constructive and kinematic parameters are obtained. With the help of PC, the dependences of speed and movement of a root in time at its movement upwards in the course of extraction from soil taking into account constructive and kinematic parameters of the vibrating digging working body are constructed. During the calculations, it was found out that the time of extraction of a root from the soil was 0.032 s.
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