Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica are bacteria that cause rare infections, typically associated with the infestation of an open wound with fly larvae. Here, we present a unique case report of the first W. chitiniclastica isolation from a burn wound with accidental myiasis in a 63-year-old homeless man and a literature review focused on human infections caused by these bacteria. So far, 23 cases of infection with W. chitiniclastica have been reported; in 52% of these, larvae were found in the wound area. Most of these cases suffered from chronic non-healing wound infections but none of these were burn injuries. The overall fatality rate associated directly with W. chitiniclastica in these cases was 17%. Infections with parasitic larvae occur in moderate climates (especially in people living in poor conditions); therefore, an infection with rare bacteria associated with accidental myiasis, such as W. chitiniclastica, can be expected to become more common there. Thus, in view of the absence of recommendations regarding the treatment of patients with accidental myiasis and, therefore, the risk of infection with W. chitiniclastica or other rare pathogens, we provide a list of recommendations for the treatment of such patients. The importance of meticulous microbial surveillance using molecular biological methods to facilitate the detection of rare pathogens is emphasized.
Oddělení klinické hematologie FN Brno, pracoviště Bohunice 2 Klinika popálenin a plastické chirurgie LF MU a FN Brno, pracoviště Bohunice 3 Katedra laboratorních metod LF MU Brno 4 Ústav patologie LF MU a FN Brno, pracoviště Bohunice Heparinem indukovaná trombocytopenie (HIT) je imunologicky zprostředkovaná komplikace navazující zpravidla na expozici heparinu, méně často se rozvíjí po expozici jiným léčivům anebo spontánně. Mezi rizikové faktory rozvoje HIT patří typ použitého heparinu, jeho dávka a způsob aplikace i doba expozice, velké trauma či operace a obezita. Pravděpodobnost HIT dobře koreluje s tzv. 4 T -skóre. Laboratorní testy k potvrzení či vyloučení HIT se mají provádět u pacientů se střední až vysokou pravděpodobností HIT (4 T -skóre více než 3 body). Screeningové testy jsou založeny na průkazu protilátek proti komplexům heparinu a destičkového faktoru 4, cílem konfirmačních testů je průkaz aktivace trombocytů. Léčba HIT spočívá v okamžitém ukončení aplikace heparinu a v důsledné antitrombotické léčbě alternativními modalitami. Autoři popisují případ HIT u interně polymorbidní obézní pacientky s rozsáhlou infikovanou popáleninou projevující se extrémní urtikariální reakcí v místě aplikace nadroparinu a trombotizací žil podkoží. Díky včasné diagnostice a léčbě fondaparinuxem nedošlo k rozvoji závažnějších tromboembolických příhod.Klíčová slova: fondaparinux, heparinem indukovaná trombocytopenie, přímá perorální antikoagulancia, trombóza, 4 T -skóre. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a case report and literature overviewHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immunologically-mediated complication, which usually follows heparin exposition, less frequently exposition to other drugs or even occurs spontaneously. The type of heparin, its dose and mode of application as well as the exposition time, major trauma or operation, and obesity represent the main risk factors for HIT. The probability of HIT correlates with so-called 4T-score. A confirmatory laboratory diagnostic should be exclusively reserved for patients with a medium to a high probability of HIT development (more than 3 points in 4T-score). The screening method is based on serological detection of antibodies against heparin-platelet factor-4 complexes; confirmation tests aim to identify the activation of platelets. The treatment of HIT requires an immediate interruption of heparin application and rigorous antithrombotic treatment with an alternative agent. Herein authors describe a clinical case of HIT manifested as an extreme urticarial reaction in the location of nadroparin application as well as thrombosis of deep subcutaneous veins in a polymorbid obese patient with an extensive and infected burn. Due to timely diagnosis and fondaparinux treatment, no more severe thrombotic events occurred in this patient.
This study summarizes the Brno Burn Centre experience with the application of cultured epidermal allografts (CEAl) in the treatment of deep dermal burns. In a prospective randomised trial on 30 patients with deep dermal burns CEAl obtained from young healthy and examined donors and fixed on tulle grass carrier (Grasolind) were compared with empty Grasolind as the lowest layer of dressing. All the other layers were identical.Both kinds of dressing were applied simultaneously on the same deep dermal burn wound between 6th and 10th day after burn. Six days later the non-healed wound areas were recorded through painting on cellophane membrane and scanned in the computer. The percentage of wound reduction was calculated and statistically evaluated.The reduction of the non-epithelialized wound area was 86.5% when covered through CEAl and only 71.2% when covered with tulle grass (Grasolind) only. This difference is statistically significant.In conclusion it can be stated that cultured epidermal allografts strongly stimulate reepithelialisation in deep dermal burns.
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