Early-passage human skin fibroblasts were grown as monolayers for 2-3 days in minimum essential medium containing [35S]sulphate, [3H]glucosamine, [3H]fucose, [3H]proline or [3H]leucine to label proteoglycans, glycoproteins or collagen and other proteins. A crude enzyme preparation obtained from a supernatant from sonicated freeze-dried Flavobacter heparinum was added to the cell monolayers. This treatment removed most of the 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans, with no appreciable removal of the 3H-labelled proteins or 3H-labelled glycoproteins. The cells remained attached and viable as a monolayer. The formation of 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans was examined after pretreating cultures with crude F. heparinum enzyme, followed by addition of fresh growth medium containing [35S]sulphate. The F. heparinum enzyme did not significantly alter the amount or type of 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans produced. Thus F. heparinum enzyme can be used to provide cultured-cell monolayers depleted of surface glycosaminoglycans. These cells remain attached, viable and subsequently synthesize normal amounts and type of glycosaminoglycans.
The cryopreserved and lyophilized cultured allografts are comparable in healing rate, course of healing and relief of pain, and also in planimetric changes during the healing of venous leg ulcers. Lyophilized allografts are more convenient for routine use than cryopreserved allografts as they can be stored at room temperature. These results could give rise to the more frequent use of lyophilized allografts in slow-healing venous leg ulcers.
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the possibility of preventing bone bridge formation in damaged distal femoral physis using implantation of autogenous chondrocyte graft. Ten pigs were used in the study. In each pig, a sample of cartilage of 3 × 3 mm in diameter was taken from non-weight-bearing surface of the lateral femoral condyle and used to culture chondrocytes for the preparation of the autogenous chondrocyte graft.Fourteen days later, a canal of 4 mm diameter was drilled through the distal femoral physis in the area of the lateral condyle. This canal was then filled with the autogenous chondrocyte graft. The same defect, left unfilled, was created in the physis of the medial condyle. One animal succumbed during the transplantation of the chondrocyte graft due to complications of anaesthesia.Remaining 9 animals were euthanised and examined histologically with respect to the healing of the transplant in the area of the growth plate. In all 9 cases the graft was healed in the distal femoral physis. Bone bridges were formed in canals unfilled with the autogenous chondrocyte graft.We conclude that transplantation of the autogenous chondrocyte graft into iatrogenically damaged physis in pigs can prevent bone bridge formation and growth arrest. This finding may have clinical implications in potential transplantation of chondrocyte autografts in children. Growth plate, injury, bone bridge, pigGrowth plate fractures in children, in particular those ones of types III to V according to the classification by Salter-Harris (1963), belong to injuries of poor prognosis. Damage to the regular chondrogenesis in the physis can result in altered growth of the bone affected due to the formation of a bone bridge. In dependence on its location we recognise either a peripheral bone bridge resulting in angular deformities of the bone affected, a central bone bridge shortening the bone without its angular deformity or a combined kind of a bridge causing both angular deformities and shortening of the bone (Rockwood et al. 1984). Combined bone bridges are least favourable for the patient (Rockwood et al. 1984). Iatrogenic damage to the physis during surgical repositioning of a physeal fracture can lead to the formation of osteonecrotic bone bridges and then can form a bone bridge in the fissure after incomplete repositioning of fragments (von Laer 1984). Clinical consequences of physeal bone bridging are often very serious (Bak and Boeckstyns 1997) and their therapy includes complex corrective surgeries (Hove and Engesaeter 1997) or complicated resections of bone bridges (Langenskiold 1981).Trauma to the distal femoral physis is a typical example of injury to the growth plate in children. This injury, common in preadolescents and adolescents, is not so frequent but can
The most important work on the behaviour of the cervix uteri is that of Newton [1934, 1937], who found that the cervical muscle, examined in vitro, was insensitive to the oxytocic principle of the posterior lobe of the pituitary and also that there was evidence of reciprocal activity between the cervix and the horn of the uterus. Observations on the activity of the horn of the uterus in different species indicate that there may be wide discrepancies between the behaviour of excised tissues and the behaviour of the same tissues in the intact animal. In view of this difficulty and its importance in relation to the theory of parturition we thought it advisable to repeat the experiments on the cervix in vivo. By investigating three species, guinea-pig, rabbit and cat, we hoped to make our conclusions as general as possible, since species differences are so common in this field. METHODThe movements of the cervix were recorded by placing a small rubber balloon in the cervical canal. These movements are very small, and it was soon apparent that the usual methods of volume recording by tambours were too easily upset by environmental changes at the sensitivity required. A new optical device was therefore designed and has already been described [Adler, Bell & Knox, 1941]. This apparatus has the advantage of giving immediate records on smoked paper. In all cases the capacity of the balloon was 0 3 c.c., this being approximately the capacity of the prism. The balloon was tied on the end of a fine metal cannula which carried a moveable sleeve.with a cup-shaped end. After separating the bladder and vagina by blunt dissection the undistended balloon was inserted through a mid-line incision in the vaginal wall into the cervical canal, and the cup-shaped end was stitched to the lip of the cervix (Fig. 1). The cannula was then pulled back through the sleeve until the balloon was just touching the cup. The balloon was now fixed in the cervical canal, and could not slip forward into the uterine horn. The balloon and cannula were filled and connected to the recording device by a waterfilled tube; the balloon was thus under a pressure of 7 cm. of water. At the end of each experiment the position of the balloon was checked by inspection,or by fixing the uterus in situ
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