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AimsWe aimed to update a previous network meta‐analysis comparing the efficacy of periodontal regenerative therapies on the treatment of infrabony lesions.Materials and MethodsSeven clinical trials were added after literature research for studies published between January 2011 and September 2019. We conducted network meta‐analysis (NMA) to compare the effects of guided tissue regeneration (GTR), enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) and their combination therapies on probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain. Sequential network meta‐analysis (SNMA) was also used to control the type‐I error rate due to multiple testing.ResultsA total of 60 studies were included. For both PPD reduction and CAL gain, the flap operation (FO) was the least effective treatment. Although the differences between periodontal regenerative therapies were small, GTR attained the greatest reduction in PPD, and EMD with bone graft the greatest CAL gain compared to other therapies. SNMA used stricter efficacy criteria, yielding slightly different results from NMA.ConclusionsEMD, GTR, and their combined therapies were more effective than flap operation, although the differences between regenerative therapies remain small in this updated study. SNMA reduces the risk of false‐positive findings, thereby providing more robust evidence on the superiority of treatments.

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Background Occupational-related cancers are a substantial global health issue. The largest proportion of occupational-related cancers is tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer. This study aimed to explore the geographical and temporal trends in occupational carcinogens related to TBL cancer. Methods Data on TBL cancer attributable to occupational carcinogens were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Numbers and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding average annual percentage change (AAPC) were evaluated and stratified by geographic location, socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles, age, and sex. Results Globally, ASRs of deaths and DALYs in TBL cancer attributable to occupational carcinogens showed a downward trend (AAPC = − 0.69%, − 1.01%) while increases were observed in the low, low-middle, and middle SDI quintiles. Although males accounted for 82.4% and 81.5% of deaths and DALYs in 2019, respectively, it showed an upward trend of ASRs in females (AAPC = 0.33%, 0.02%). Occupational exposure to asbestos, silica and diesel engine exhaust were the top three causes of age-standardized TBL cancer deaths and DALYs. Over the past three decades, the percentage of age-standardized TBL cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to occupational asbestos and silica exposure decreased by 18.24, 6.71 and 20.52%, 4.00% globally, but increased significantly in lower SDI regions, while the burden attributable to occupational diesel engine exhaust exposure increased by 32.76, 37.23% worldwide. Conclusions Occupational exposure remains an important risk factor for TBL cancer. The burden of TBL cancer attributable to occupational carcinogens showed obvious heterogeneity which decreased in higher SDI but increased in lower SDI regions. The burden of males was significantly higher than females, but the females showed an increasing trend. Occupational exposure to asbestos was the main causes of the burden. Therefore, effective prevention and control measures tailored to local conditions are necessary.

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