Global burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer attributable to occupational carcinogens in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019

Abstract

Background Occupational-related cancers are a substantial global health issue. The largest proportion of occupational-related cancers is tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer. This study aimed to explore the geographical and temporal trends in occupational carcinogens related to TBL cancer. Methods Data on TBL cancer attributable to occupational carcinogens were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Numbers and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding average annual percentage change (AAPC) were evaluated and stratified by geographic location, socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles, age, and sex. Results Globally, ASRs of deaths and DALYs in TBL cancer attributable to occupational carcinogens showed a downward trend (AAPC = − 0.69%, − 1.01%) while increases were observed in the low, low-middle, and middle SDI quintiles. Although males accounted for 82.4% and 81.5% of deaths and DALYs in 2019, respectively, it showed an upward trend of ASRs in females (AAPC = 0.33%, 0.02%). Occupational exposure to asbestos, silica and diesel engine exhaust were the top three causes of age-standardized TBL cancer deaths and DALYs. Over the past three decades, the percentage of age-standardized TBL cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to occupational asbestos and silica exposure decreased by 18.24, 6.71 and 20.52%, 4.00% globally, but increased significantly in lower SDI regions, while the burden attributable to occupational diesel engine exhaust exposure increased by 32.76, 37.23% worldwide. Conclusions Occupational exposure remains an important risk factor for TBL cancer. The burden of TBL cancer attributable to occupational carcinogens showed obvious heterogeneity which decreased in higher SDI but increased in lower SDI regions. The burden of males was significantly higher than females, but the females showed an increasing trend. Occupational exposure to asbestos was the main causes of the burden. Therefore, effective prevention and control measures tailored to local conditions are necessary.

Contemporary Concise Review 2023: Environmental and occupational lung diseases

“…210,211 From 1990 to 2019, the trends of ASRs of deaths and DALYs in lung cancer due to occupational burden decreased globally; however, they increased in low, lowmiddle and middle SDI regions, and in females. 212 The top three causes were attributed to occupational exposure to asbestos, silica and diesel exhaust. The ASRs of deaths and DALYs of occupational asbestos and silica exposure decreased worldwide outside of lower SDI regions, whereas those of diesel exhaust exposure increased globally.…”

“…The ASRs of deaths and DALYs of occupational asbestos and silica exposure decreased worldwide outside of lower SDI regions, whereas those of diesel exhaust exposure increased globally. 212 The risk of lung cancer is attributed to cumulative asbestos exposure and does not require the development of asbestosis, 213 and the risk of lung cancer multiplicatively increases in people with both asbestos exposure and smoking. Asbestos exposure increases the risk of lung cancer, even in never smokers.…”

“…The cancer burden varies among countries/regions, socio‐economic situations and industrial structures 210,211 . From 1990 to 2019, the trends of ASRs of deaths and DALYs in lung cancer due to occupational burden decreased globally; however, they increased in low, low‐middle and middle SDI regions, and in females 212 . The top three causes were attributed to occupational exposure to asbestos, silica and diesel exhaust.…”

Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province, Iran

“…To date, several studies have reported associations between long-term exposure to certain heavy metals and the development of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and adverse reproductive outcomes. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies that specifically address Iranian provinces, despite the distinctive environmental and socio-economic factors in the country that could potentially affect the presence of heavy metals in drinking water sources 18 , 19 . By conducting this evaluation in different parts of Iran, we can contribute valuable insights to the limited body of knowledge on heavy metal exposure and its health consequences in this context.…”

Cadmium-induced Carcinogenesis in Respiratory Organs and the Prostate: Insights from Three Perspectives on Toxicogenomic Approach

“…Cd can induce lung cancer, which has already been widely recognized through numerous research studies. Numerous reports have found that cadmium inhalation leads to respiratory cancers including tracheal cancer, bronchus cancer and lung cancer [ 9 - 11 ]. Additionally, occupational exposure to Cd is known to have adverse effects on the prostate [ 12 , 13 ].…”