We found the regeneration of perpendicular exchange bias at high temperature in the Pt-capping/Co/Pt-spacer/α-Cr2O3/Pt-buffer thin film with an ultrathin (0.2 nm) Pt-spacer layer after the disappearance at low temperature. Abrupt changes in the coercivity accompany the abrupt disappearance and regeneration of exchange bias. The direction of the regenerated exchange bias could be reversed by altering the ferromagnetic spin orientation during temperature rise. The exchange bias did not regenerate when the Pt spacer layer was grown at a slow growth rate, suggesting that the growth mode of Pt on the α-Cr2O3 layer affects the regeneration feature.
Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) are naturally occurring compounds responsible for musty-earthy-odors in surface water supplies. They are a severe problem confronting utilities worldwide. Adsorption by powdered activated carbon (PAC) is a widely used process to control this problem, but it has low efficiency, which engenders large budget spending for utilities services. Super-powdered activated carbon (S-PAC) is activated carbon with much finer particles than those of PAC. Experiments on geosmin and 2-MIB adsorptions on S-PAC and PAC were conducted. Geosmin and 2-MIB adsorption capacities on S-PAC were not smaller than those on PAC although natural organic matter, which adversely impacted the adsorption capacity of geosmin and 2-MIB, was more adsorbed on S-PAC than on PAC, meaning that the adsorption competition is less severe for S-PAC than for PAC.
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