One of the ways the company to develop its business, namely by means of expansion by making an Initial Public Offering (IPO). Interesting phenomenon at the time the company did an Initial Public Offering is the phenomenon of Underpricing. The phenomenon of underpricing is a phenomenon where the stock price is offered at the primary market is lower compared to the price of the stock when it was trading in the secondary market. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of Return On Equity (ROE), the Net Profit Margin (NPM) and the size of the company (Firm Size) of underpricing. The population in this research is the company that did the Initial Public Offering (IPO) in BEI 2013-2016 year. The selection of the sample in this study using a purposive sampling method and retrieved 54 samples of 82 companies who are doing an initial public offering in BEI 2013-2016 year. Methods of data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results of penenlitian showed that the Return On Equity (ROE) and the size of the company (Firm Size) effect on the IPO underpricing companies in Indonesia stock exchange. While the Net Profit Margin (NPM) has no effect on the company'S IPO underpricing on the Indonesia stock exchange.Keywords: Underpricing, Return On Equity, Net Profit Margin, Firm size Abstrak Salah satu cara perusahaan untuk mengembangkan usahanya yaitu dengan cara ekspansi dengan melakukan Initial Public Offering (IPO). Fenomena menarik pada saat perusahaan melakukan Initial Public Offering adalah fenomena Underpricing. Fenomena underpricing merupakan fenomena dimana harga saham yang ditawarkan pada pasar perdana lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan harga saham ketika diperdagangkan di pasar sekunder. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh Return On Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM) dan Ukuran Perusahaan (Firm Size) terhadapunderpricing. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang melakukanInitial Public Offering (IPO) di BEI tahun 2013-2016. Pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan diperoleh 54 sampel perusahaan dari 82 perusahaan yang melakukan initial public offeringdi BEI tahun 2013-2016. Metodeanalisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penenlitian menunjukkan bahwa Return On Equity (ROE) dan Ukuran Perusahaan (Firm Size)berpengaruh terhadap underpricing pada perusahaan yang IPO di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sedangkan Net Profit Margin (NPM)  tidak berpengaruh underpricing pada perusahaan yang IPO di Bursa Efek Indonesia.Kata kunci: Underpricing, Return On Equity, Net Profit Margin, Ukuran Perusahaan

Malaria infection still remains the most widespread protozoal infection affecting human race globally. Various attempts at reducing the rate of transmission have been widely used but still all the efforts were futile though with reducing trend in some parts of endemic areas (WHO 2013). It is of high prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and accounts for substantial portion of visit to outpatient units of most hospital in Nigeria and other parts of the world where it is endemic (WHO, 2010). It was estimated that 3.3 billion people are affected in 106 countries and 350-500 million cases of malaria infection occurs in African countries with 2-3 million annual death (Ikekpeazu, 2010; Paulyn, 2010; WHO, 2010). Hepatitis B infection is caused by Hepatitis B virus, a partially double stranded DNA virus of Hepadenaviridae family. More than 2

Background:Among the many factors that determine the outcome following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the position of the femoral tunnel is known to be critically important and is still the subject of extensive research.Objective:We aimed to retrospectively compare the outcomes of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using transtibial (TT) or anteromedial (AMP) drilling techniques for femoral tunnel placement.Methods:ACL reconstruction was performed using the TT technique in 49 patients and the AMP technique in 56 patients. Lachman and pivot-shift tests, the Lysholm Knee Scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner activity scale and visual analog scale (VAS) were used for the clinical and functional evaluation of patients. Time to return to normal life and time to jogging were assessed in addition to the radiological evaluation of femoral tunnel placement.Results:In terms of the Lysholm, IKDC, Tegner score, and stability tests, no significant differences were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed reduced time to return to normal life and jogging in the AMP group (p < 0.05). The VAS score was also significantly reduced in the AMP group (p < 0.05). The position of the femoral tunnel was anatomically appropriate in 51 patients in the AMP group and 5 patients in the TT group.Conclusion:The AMP technique is superior to the TT technique in creating anatomical femoral tunnel placement during single-bundle ACL reconstruction and provides faster recovery in terms of return to normal life and jogging at short-term follow-up.

Using an in vitro experimental model, 1,3-diaminopropane and water, and methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (leaf) and Hymenocardia acida (leaf, stem bark, root bark) were screened for antitrypanosomal activity at concentrations of 0.25-4 mg/ml. Decrease or arrest of parasites motility coupled with loss of infectivity to mice was taken as the indicator of in vitro activity. The results obtained showed that only methanol extract of V. amygdalina leaf was active as it arrested parasites motility within 75 min of incubation with minimum inhibitory concentration of 444 µg/ml, and also caused loss of infectivity of the parasites to mice. Dichloromethane extract of H. acida root bark and 1, 3-diaminopropane slightly reduced parasites motility, while all other extracts neither reduced the motility nor caused loss of infectivity. These results suggest that the methanol extract of V. amygdalina leaf possesses in vitro antitrypanosomal activity.

AIM:To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of leukocyte esterase and nitrite reagent strips for bedside diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). METHODS: RESULTS:Fifteen samples showed SBP. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the leukocyte esterase reagent strips were; 93%, 100%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the nitrite reagent strips were 13%, 93%, 40%, and 77%, respectively. The combination of leukocyte esterase and nitrite reagents strips did not yield statistically significant effects on diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION:Leukocyte esterase reagent strips may provide a rapid, bedside diagnostic test for SBP.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the quality of academic service to the satisfaction student regional office of Universitas Terbuka (UPBJJ-UT) Pangkalpinang. The research method used is survey method. Type of research that is verification and descriptive. Data collection conducted through interviews and distribution of questionnaires. Multiple linear regression test obtained Y = 0,629 + 0,237X1 + 0,224X2 + 0,366X3 + 0,254X4 + 0,506X5 + E, multiple correlation test obtained (R) 0,919 and determination coefficient (R2) 84,5% and the rest (E) 15,5% influenced by other factors that are not examined the author. The value of F- count is greater than F-table (101,049>2,31), so it is stated that there is the significant hypothesis. It can be concluded that the quality of service simultaneously has a positive and significant effect on student satisfaction. Partially tangibles, empathy, reliability, responsiveness, assurance have the positive and significant effect on student's satisfaction at UPBJJ-UT Pangkalpinang.

The growth of the Indonesian population has led to an increase in the demand for rice, which the country has yet to satisfy. Indonesia needs a comprehensive strategy that integrates meaningful efforts to increase its agricultural production. This study aims to review the examined trends in rice yield in Indonesia for 70 years after Indonesia’s independence (1945–2016) followed by the identification of the application technology and factors that contribute to increasing rice yields to forecast sustainable food security scenarios up to 2030. This article reviews the results of research on rice production technology in Indonesia from 1945 to 2016, and the outlook for 2030. This paper examines the main points of the Indonesian transformation of rice technology: improvement of rice varieties, integrated crop management, innovations in agricultural machinery, and the Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System (ICCIS). We found that transformation has helped Indonesia increased its rice yields from 3 t ha−1 prior to 1961 to 4.6 t ha−1 in 1985, stagnated in 1990, and increased again in 2017 to 5,46 t ha−1. The increase in yield was sustained by an increase in the harvested area owing to cropping index (CI) innovation. Food security and sustainable development remain the primary goals of Indonesia’s agricultural sector. The application of appropriate technologies and institutional innovations can assist Indonesia in achieving its food security. Therefore, the transformation of technological innovations will continue to be an essential driver of future agricultural growth, including greater use of crop varieties, machinery, and land/institutional reforms.

Fundamental issues in sustainable development of competitive potato production in Indonesia are production and distribution inefficiencies. This study aims to examine the potato production competitiveness through competitive and comparative analyses as well as evaluating the impacts of government policy on potato production. This study employs Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to analyse the cross-section data collected from six regencies in Indonesia. Potato production in Indonesia was profitable privately and socially. The highest value of competitive advantage was indicated by PCR value in the dry season in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province. The lowest values were found in Bandung Regency. Highest comparative advantage was revealed in Tanah Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, during the rainy season. Highest comparative advantage was found in Bandung Regency, West Java Province, in the dry season. However, the social profit was lower than the private profit indicating the potato farmers dealt with disincentives due to imperfect market. It implies that increasing domestic potato production will be more profitable rather than import. The policy makers need to evaluate the recent policies on input and output markets as well as the supply chain of potato to cope with imperfect markets in order to increase farmers’ income.