Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and antidepressant effects of banana peel flakes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were classified into five groups with different treatments. Groups I to IV were diabetic rats model groups that consumed only standard diet, standard diet containing 5%, 10%, and 20% of banana peel flakes, respectively. While group V was a healthy control group fed a standard diet. Immunohistochemistry staining was measured to examine serotonin expression in the colon and pancreas. Results: The diabetic rats treated with 20% banana peel flakes had a lower blood glucose concentration (p<0.05) compared with diabetic control and showed a shorter duration of immobility time (p<0.05) than the healthy control. Additionally, compared with diabetic control, the diabetic rats treated with 5% banana peel flakes showed higher serotonin expression (p<0.05) in the colon. In contrast, serotonin expression in the pancreas did not show any significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: The present study disclosed that the banana peel flakes provided an antidepressant effect in the diabetic rats model, which might occur through the mechanism of controlling blood glucose concentration.
Aspirin or ethanol induced gastric ulcer rat models are the most frequently used in studies. Aspirin and ethanol induced gastric ulcers through different pathways involving COX-2 and iNOS. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in gastric ulcer rat model induced by ethanol and aspirin. Twenty-one Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups i.e. control group (CA), ethanol 1 st day (ED 1), ethanol 3 rd day (ED 3), ethanol 5 th day (ED 5), aspirin 4 th day (AD 4), aspirin 6 th day (AD 6), and aspirin 8 th day (AD 8). Oral administration of aspirin was at 200mg/kgBW and the 100% ethanol at 1mL/200gBW. Macroscopic and microscopic observations were done to examine the gastric mucosal damage, COX-2 and iNOS expressions. Severe gastric ulcers were observed in ED 1 and AD 4 groups and mild gastric mucosal damage was observed in ED 3 , ED 5 , AD 6 and AD 8 groups. Microscopically, light erosion was shown by the CA and AD 8 groups. Erosion was also shown by ED 3 , ED 5 , and AD 6 groups. The most severe damage with ulcers and heavier bleeding were shown by the ED 1 and AD 4 groups. Weak COX-2 expression was found in the CA, while the highest COX-2 expression was found in the ED 1. The iNOS expression in the ethanol groups was still increasing until the 5 th day (ED 5). In the aspirin groups, it reached the peak on the 3 rd day (AD 6), and already declined on the 5 th day (AD 8). In conclusion, the damage process of ethanol induced gastric ulcer occurred faster than that by aspirin. The highest COX-2 expression in the ethanol and aspirin groups were shown at the onset begin. iNOS expression in ethanol induced ulcer groups still increased until the 5 th day, while in the aspirin induced ulcer groups already declined in the 5 th day. ABSTRAK Tikus model ulkus lambung yang diinduksi oleh aspirin atau etanol adalah model yang paling sering digunakan dalam penelitian. Ulkus lambung yang diinduksi aspirin mempunyai jalur pathogenesis yang berbeda dengan yang diinduksi oleh etanol, namun keduanya melibatkan COX-2 dan iNOS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji ekspresi COX-2 dan iNOS pada tikus model ulkus lambung yang diinduksi oleh ethanol dan aspirin. Dua puluh satu tikus Sprague Dawley dibagi menjadi 7 yaitu kelompok kontrol (CA), etanol hari pertama (ED 1), etanol hari ketiga (ED 3), etanol hari kelima (ED 5), aspirin hari keempat (AD 4), aspirin hari keenam (AD 6), dan aspirin hari kedelapan (AD 8). Perlakuan diberikan secara oral, dengan dosis aspirin sebesar 200 mg/kgBB dan dosis 100% etanol sebesar 1mL/200gBB. Pengamatan makroskopis dan mikroskopis dilakukan untuk menilai kerusakan mukosa lambung, ekspresi COX-2 dan iNOS. Ulkus lambung berat terlihat pada kelompok ED 1 dan AD 4 dan kerusakan mukosa lambung ringan terlihat pada kelompok ED 3 , ED 5 , AD 6 and AD 8. Secara mikroskopis, erosi ringan terlihat pada kelompok CA dan AD 8. Erosi juga terlihat kelompok ED 3 , ED 5 , dan AD 6. Kerusakan paling berat dengan ulkus dan pendarahan terlihat pada kelompok ED 1 dan AD 4. Ekspresi COX-2 le...
Background: Increase of SIRT1 expression inhibit the increase of activated Caspase 3 expression in acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the SIRT1 expression on rat spinal cord in acute phase after peripheral nerve injury was unknown. Objective: To reveal SIRT1and activated Caspase 3 expression on rat spinal cord in acute phase after sciatic nerve injury and to reveal the correlation between SIRT1 and activated Caspase 3 expression after sciatic nerve injury. Method: Thirty male Wistar rats aged 3 months were divided into sham operated and crush injury group. Termination was performing at days 3, 7 and 14. Lumbar spinal cord segments 4-5 (VTh12-VL1 high) embedded in paraffin blocks. Imunohistochemistry staining was performed using antibody of SIRT1 nuclear marker and activated Caspase 3. Observations were performed by two double blinded observers in 400x magnification. The data were analyzed using unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation. All data were processed using statistical analysis with confidence interval (CI) 95% and limit of significance (p-values)<0.05. Results: SIRT1 expression on the anterior horn was higher compared with control at days 7 and 14 (p<0.05), but no differences were found on posterior horn at all termination days(p>0.05). Activated Caspase 3 expression on the anterior horn was higher at all termination days(p<0.05) and at day 7 on posterior horn (p<0.05). Thereis a positive correlation between SIRT1 and activated Caspase 3 expression on anterior horn at day 7 (p<0.05). Conclusion: SIRT1 expression on the anterior horn was higher compared with the control at days 7 and 14. Activated Caspase 3 expression on the anterior horn was higher on all termination days and at day 7 on posterior horn. There is a positive correlation between SIRT1 and activated Caspase 3 expression on anterior horn on day 7. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(1) 2019 p.50-56
Calcium is one of the most important minerals needed during hard tissue development. The preparation of this material into nano-sized particle is carried out to enhance the bioavailability and distribution of calcium in the body. Lack of calcium during odontogenesis causes defect in enamel such as hypoplasia and hypomineralization. During amelogenesis, after secretion of organic matrices, enamel mineralization will start in the presence of calcium. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nano calcium supplementation during pregnancy on enamel development. In this study, 3-month-old female Sprague Dawley were mated and divided into three groups: nano calcium group (A), micro calcium group (B), and negative control group (C). The treatment was started on day 1 of pregnancy to day 1 after birth by intragastric administration method. The mandibles of 6 pups from each group were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Examination was conducted using microscope. Enamel deposition was measured using Optilab Image Raster® and the data collected was analyzed using t-test. Histological section of mandibular right first molar on Sprague Dawley newborn pups showed that enamel was observed on day 1 after birth but only on the group treated with nano calcium and micro calcium. Statistical analysis performed showed that the difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.05). From this study it can be concluded that the administration of nano calcium during pregnancy leads to rapid enamel deposition on Sprague Dawley pups.
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