Maranta arundinacea L. (MA) is a food that contains phytochemicals such as phenols, saponins, and flavanones that are beneficial to the body. Several studies have also reported that MA contains soluble fibre. These indicate its potential use to prevent and treat diseases. The present review explored the literature on the potential benefits of MA. Published MA-related studies were searched for up to October 2018 using the PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, and Scopus databases, as well as Google Scholar up to October 2020. The keywords used were ‘Maranta arundinacea’ OR ‘arrowroot’ OR ‘maranta’ OR ‘West Indian arrowroot’ OR ‘obedience plant’ OR ‘Bermuda arrowroot’ OR ‘araru’ OR ‘ararao’ OR ‘hulankeeriya’ OR ‘Marantaceae’ OR ‘garut’ OR ‘ararut’ OR ‘irut’. The present review included ten in vitro studies, nine of which involved experimental animals, and eight studies in humans. In vitro and in vivo studies in animals show that MA has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, anti-ulcerative, anti-diarrhoeal, hypoglycaemic, hypocholesterolaemic, and antihypertensive properties. However, studies involving humans were quasi experimental, without control and non-randomised, with a small number of subjects. The results of human studies have not shown a significant change in health effects. In the future, MA may increase food diversity by serving as a functional foodstuff. However, additional human research must be conducted.
Background: Breast cancer prevention still needs to be improved. Calorie restriction is thought to prevent breast cancer through the induction of autophagy. Maranta arundinacea L. (MA) has the potential for calorie restriction because it contains high fiber. This research aimed to observe the effect of dietary MA against dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer in Sprague Dawley rats related to autophagy. Methods: Twenty-five Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1) control group without DMBA-induced with a standard diet, 2) 20 mg/kg BW of DMBA two times a week for five weeks with a standard diet, 3) DMBA and diet modification with 30% of MA, 4) DMBA and diet modification with 45% of MA, and 5) DMBA and diet modification with 60% of MA. Examination of the nodule was conducted once every week for 22 weeks. Breast tissue/tumor examination underwent histology examination with hematoxylin-eosin. Examinations of immunohistochemical staining against Beclin1, LC3B, and SQSTM1 were conducted to reveal autophagy. The difference of autophagy protein expression was analyzed using One way ANOVA with 95% confidence level and significance set as p<0.05. Results: Cancer was detected in four rats of DMBA standard diet, two rats of 30% MA, one rat of 45% MA. No cancer was detected in the rats of control and rats with 60% of MA group. The Beclin1 expressions showed that the 60% of MA group had the highest score (2.5±0.52) followed by the 45% of MA group (1.87±0.49), control group (1.77±0.11), 30% of MA group (1.28±0.75), and DMBA with standard diet had the lowest score (1.28±0.91). The difference of Beclin1 expressions was statistically significant (p-value=0.03). However, the difference of the LC3B expressions (p-value=0.11) and SQSTM1 expressions (p-value=0.225) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Dietary modifications with MA potentially prevent breast cancer and induce initiation of autophagy.
A murine macrophage cell line was incubated with opsonized Porphyromonas gingivalis and various concentrations of rIFN-gamma, rIL-4 and rIL-10. The number of phagocyted cells were microscopically assessed. The results showed that IFN-gamma upregulated macrophage phagocytosis to this periodontopathogen, and the upregulatory effects was abolished by anti-IFN-gamma antibodies. Neither IL-4 nor IL-10 had any effects on opsonophagocytosis by this cell line. These results suggest that up-regulatory functions of IFN-gamma on phagocytic activities of macrophages may play a crucial role in the induction of immune response to P. gingivalis.
Controversy regarding the role of SIRT1 in pathology of cancers exists and is still under debate. SIRT1 could act as either a tumor supressor or tumor promotor. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between SIRT1 expression and tumor size, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) expression and histological grading in rat breast carcinoma induced by dimethylbenz(á)anthracene (DMBA). Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups with 10 rats in each group. Group 1 as negative control was just fed the standard food. Group 2 as vehicle control was fed the standard food and corn oil. Group 3 as induction group was fed the standard food and induced with DMBA at dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) in corn oil twice a week for five weeks. All rats were palpated weekly to determine the appearance, size and location of tumors. Sixteen weeks after DMBA induction rats were sacrified and histological preparations of the breast carcinoma tissue were then processed for SIRT1 and PCNA expression examination as well as histological grading. The result showed that SIRT1 expression was significantly higher in breast carcinoma tissue compared to normal gland (26.12 vs 0.05; p = 0.004). SIRT1-positive was observed mostly in poor histological grade carcinomas (56.2%), and it was not observed in good histological grade carcinomas. However, there was no significantly difference between SIRT1 and histological grading (p = 0.097; r = 0.285). A significant correlation between SIRT1 expression and the tumor size (p =0.009; r =0.877), as well as PCNA expression (p =0.000; r =0.790) was observed. In conclusion, there is relationship between SIRT1 expression and tumor size as well as PCNA expression in rat breast carcinoma induced by DMBA. ABSTRAKKontrovesi mengenai peran SIRT1 dalam patologi kanker muncul dan masih diperdebatkan. SIRT1 dapat berperan sebagai penekan atau pemacu pertumbuhan tumor. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara SIRT1 dengan ukuran tumor, ekspresi Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) dan derajat histologi pada kanker payudara tikus yang diinduksi oleh dimetilbenz( )antrasen (DMBA). Tiga puluh tikus Sprague Dawley betina dibagi secara acak menjadi tiga kelompok dengan masing-masing kelompok 10 ekor. Kelompok 1 sebagai kontrol negatif hanya diberi 152 J Med Sci, Volume 45, No. 4, Desember 2013: 151-158 pakan standar. Kelompok 2 sebagai kontrol pembawa diberi pakan standar dan pembawa. Kelompok 3 sebagai kelompok induksi diberi pakan standar dan diinduksi dengan DMBA dosis 20 mg/kg berat badan (BB) dalam minyak jagung dua kali seminggu selama lima minggu. Semua tikus dipalpitasi setiap minggu untuk terjadinya tumor, ukuran dan lokasinya. Enam belas minggu setelah induksi DMBA, tikus dikorbankan dan dibuta preparat histologi jaringan kanker payudaranya untuk pemeriksaan ekspresi SIRT1 dan PCNA maupun derajad histologinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekspresi SIRT1 lebih tinggi secara nyata pada jaringan kanker dibandingkan jaringan normal (26,...
Back to nature as a medication concept has been accepted widely because it has fewer side effects than modern medicines. Researches on natural products as anticancer agent therapies are in progress. This present research was conducted to determine that the inhibitory activity of snail (Achatina fulica (Lam.) Bowdich) mucus inhibits the growth rate of mammary cancer in SpragueDawley rats. Five groups of female rats, with four individuals each, were induced with 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) for five weeks. Snail mucus was applied every seven days to the treated rats with three different dosages (15, 20, and 25 mg/kg BW). Observations were done on diameters and growth rate of the mammary cancer lump developed at the end of week 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16. Histopathological examination was carried out at the end of the 16th week. Inhibitory activity results showed a row of average diameter of the cancerous lumps on rats with the following details. The results obtained from the application of snail mucus at dosage of 15, 20, and 25 mg/kg BW were at 0.40, 0.60, and 0.09 cm respectively along with average growth rate of cancerous lumps at 1.50, 0.75, and 0.25. The histopathology results of the snail mucus treatment at dosage of 15, 20, and 25 mg/kg BW showed normal tissue depiction and similarly normal histopathological form indicated by the presence of their sub-clinic components. The results showed that a snail mucus dose of 25 mg/kg BW was able to perform inhibitory activity on growing mammary cancer in rats induced by DMBA.
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