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Structure and reactivity of novel tetrahedral phenoxo copper(II) complexes have been reported as models for the reaction intermediates of tyrosinase catalyzed oxidation of phenols.

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This review describes oxidation and thermal stability and hazardous possibility of biodiesel by auto-oxidation. As it can be distributed using today?s infrastructure biodisel production has increased especially in the European Union. Biodiesel has many surpassing properties as an automotive fuel. Biodiesel is considered safer than diesel fuel because of the high flash point, but it has oxygen and double bond(s). Fatty acid methyl esters are more sensitive to oxidative degradation than fossil diesel fuel. The ability of producing peroxides is rather high, therefore we should care of handling of biodiesel.

The thermal property of HA/water solution was studied from the calorimetric data obtained using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The intensity of decomposition was studied from results of a mini closed pressure vessel test (MCPVT), and a pressure vessel test (PVT), in addition to the steel tube test. The thermal analysis was conducted to evaluate the ease of thermal decomposition using DTA. The heat‐release onset temperatures using the no‐treated stainless steel cells were more than 70° C below those measured using the gold‐coated stainless steel cells. This result implies that the heat‐release onset temperature depends on the materials of the sample cell. The intensity of the thermal decomposition was investigated using the MCPVT, the PVT, and the steel tube test. The intensity of the thermal decomposition increased as the HA concentration increased in the MCPVT. The intensity of the thermal decomposition increased greatly when the HA concentration was beyond 80% (wt.) in the MCPVT. It was determined that the thermal decomposit ion of HA 70%/water solutions was very violent in the PVT. In addition, HA/water solutions of more than 80% concentration could detonate in the steel tube test.

Burning characteristics of vegetable oils, lubricating oils and fuel oils were obtained by experiments using 90 mm diameter stainless steel pans. In comparison with these burning characteristics, it was found that the flame height and flame radiation and burning rate of vegetable oils were larger than those that were expected from their flash points. Consequently, it was found that once a fire occurs, the danger of its propagation was similar to that of some lubricating oils and C-fuel oil.

Small-scale free-burning pool 5re tests were conducted in a cone calorimeter to obtain the combustion characteristics of 14 di4erent crude oils. Measurements included the heat release rate based on oxygen consumption calorimetry, mass loss rate, radiative heat 6ux from the 6ame to a nearby target, liquid fuel temperature, extinction coe7cient and CO 2 and CO concentrations in the exhaust duct. The e4ective heat of combustion, radiative heat loss fraction and smoke yield were calculated on the basis of the measured data. It was found that the heat release rate, mass loss rate, 6ame radiation and smoke yield were a function of the type of crude oil. The e4ective heat of combustion, extinction coe7cient and radiative heat loss fraction were nearly constant for the range of crude oils evaluated in this programme. The heat release rate, mass loss rate, 6ame radiation and smoke yield appeared to correlate well with the crude oil density.