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A novel p-peroxo binuclear copper(ii) complex which can serve as an accurate synthetic model of oxyhaemocyanin has been synthesised and characterised.

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A novel μ-oxo binuclear copper(II) complex, [CuHB(3,5-Me2Pz)3]2O in which the each of coppers coordinates to three nitrogens, was prepared by the reaction of a copper(I) triphenylphosphine complex with iodosylbenzene.

In this study, we propose a convenient method for the synthesis of double-network gels by the one-shot radical polymerization for their application to rapid optical tissue clearing. Double-network gels were produced during the radical polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and sodium styrenesulfonate (SS) in the presence of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide and sodium divinylbenzenesulfonate as the cross-linkers by simultaneous addition, that is, one-shot polymerization accompanying the delay of polymerization for a second network monomer. We analyzed the polymerization process based on the consumption rates of each monomer during the reactions in the absence of the cross-linkers in order to estimate the repeating unit structure of the resulting polymers. We then fabricated the AAm/SS gels by the polymerization of AAm and SS in the presence of the cross-linkers. We analyzed the swelling, viscoelastic, and mechanical properties of the produced gels to investigate their network structure. Finally, we demonstrated the validity of the double-network gels for the application to rapid optical tissue clearing.

Zwitterionic polymers have both anion and cation groups in the side chain and have been used in various biomedical applications because of the unique properties. In this study, zwitterionic polymer hydrogels are applied to optical tissue clearing for 3D fluorescence imaging. Polyacrylamide hydrogels have been employed in Clear Lipid‐exchanged Acrylamide‐hybridized Rigid Imaging/Immunostaining/In situ‐hybridization‐compatible Tissue‐hYdrogel method. Zwitterionic polymer hydrogels are produced using zwitterionic monomers, such as 3‐[(3‐acrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propane‐1‐sulfonate (DAPS) and 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and crosslinkers. The hydrogels made from poly(DAPS‐co‐acrylamide) and MPC homopolymers afford the most transparent tumor tissues. However, the tissues cleared using DAPS copolymers‐containing hydrogels became turbid in a refractive index‐matching solution, which are unable to obtain clear 3D fluorescence images. In contrast, the 3D fluorescence imaging is achieved in the MPC polymer‐treated 2‐mm‐thick brain slices after immunostaining. The 3D fluorescence imaging of lung metastasis that is cleared by the MPC hydrogel to demonstrate the possible application to cancer diagnosis is performed. The results indicate the increased potentials of zwitterionic polymer hydrogels, especially MPC polymer hydrogels, in biomedical applications.

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