This process comprised the countryside. However, formulating the research problem, we first of all pay attention to another type of intelligentsia that can be called urban, urbanized, to a certain extent localized from rural everyday phenomenon. It is the intellectual stratum, of course, with its inherent education, scientific knowledge and «writer's skill», was called to create a new, modern vision of the Ukrainian village. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to clarify the correlation between traditional and modern frontiers in the views of the Ukrainian intelligentsia in the Naddniprianschyna village at the end of 19 th-beginning (first decades) of the 20 th century. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the toolkit of intellectual history, which is used to adopt the benefits of the socio-cultural approach to understanding the historical process. Results. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the Ukrainian peasantry evolved from its traditional (agrarian) historical status to modern. Due to «lack of readiness» for modernization, these changes occurred mostly under external pressure. Nevertheless, in many locations and in certain areas, they were quite essential. This gave occasion to the historians to talk about the revolutionary character of changes in education, cooperation, migration and even market transformation (farmer). But, in our opinion, it is not worth overstate these processes, especially concerning the peasants consciousness. Within the «acquaintance» with market relations, the peasants fell into the sight of the of that time intelligentsia. Just capitalism «made» the peasant extremely interesting for modernization. The intelligentsia in different ways clarified the modernization process in the countryside. At the same time their interest was quite wide range-from ordinary curiosity to deep emotional and scientific reflection. It is not difficult to guess that the first was more characteristic of writers, artists, public (political) figures, and the second-to scientists. Although all intellectuals mostly concerned with the general (statistical) picture of the village, much less was its development, changes (dynamics). Originality. The scientific novelty of the research is to represent the views of contemporary public figures, writers and artists. Their analysis showed that socioeconomic modernization influenced not only the peasants' productive culture, but also the evolution of his thought. It significantly lagged behind the way of thinking and behavior of more enterprising economy, not to mention the lender. The main obstacle there was the feeling of «secondarily», which prevented the peasant from imaging relations with governor through the prism of the maximum possible benefit. Conclusion. In the representations of the intelligentsia the first images of the peasantry were formed, which would later be called to «serve» political projects of understanding and creation of a modern society. Some of them haven't lost their significance until now.
The paper advances a new comprehensive complex approach to the investigation of the civilizational aspects in the development of regional associations of countries. The research starts with the overview of historical dimensions of the civilizational approach and the contribution of the founding scholars to its development. It continues with the analysis of the scientific and methodological input of the followers and the critics of this approach. The authors suggest their theoretical approach to the identification of the modern local civilizations according to six parameters: natural, biological, technical, economic, social, and governing. The civilizational affiliation of countries and the civilizational structure of major 17 regional associations of countries are identified. The results demonstrate that some regional groups have been more homogeneous in terms of civilizational composition, others – less homogeneous, which does not interfere with their dynamic development. However, the logic of the historical dynamics of human development indicates the inevitability of changing the current situation through prolonged civilizational conflicts resulting in significant changes in the global social dynamics and the civilizational structure of the world and of regional associations of countries. The identification of the civilization structure of countries and regional associations contributes to the rational decision-making in the areas of international economic relations and to the formation of the integration/disintegration policies on the national and regional levels. It is predicted that from 2030 global social dynamics will undergo a fundamental break- through that will radically change the civilizational structure of the world and regional unions of countries.
sources have been used in the study of this problem. There are unpublished inventories of 1556 and 1590. The first was created at the transfer of possessions from Queen Bona to Zhigimont Augustus. The second-when the region returns from the descendants of Kurbsky to the state possessions. Published tax registers of 1576, 1583 were used in the research. This sources make it possible to trace the evolution of the situation of the peasants during the second half of the 16 th century, since they were created in different periods of the studied time. Conclusion: the results of the research can be used to study the peasantry of the northwestern part of Volyn, as this region is poorly equipped with descriptive statistical sources. Also, the results of the study can be used to compare the development of peasants in other regions. The study is important in connection with the priority study of the situation of peasants throughout the state, and not separate economic and administrative units in the past.
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