There is a high prevalence of sleep disorder-related symptoms in pregnant women. Our data may provide a baseline for prevention and treatment of sleep disturbances in pregnant women.

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BackgroundClinicians may fail to make an early diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) without HIV infection. Serum cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen (CrAg) test, histopathology and culture of lung tissue play different roles in diagnosis of PC.ObjectiveTo investigate the performance of serum CrAg test, histopathology and culture of the lung tissue in diagnosis of PC without HIV infection.Patients/methodsFrom January 2011 to September 2017, patients with proven PC were recruited from a teaching hospital in southern China. Those patients with HIV infection, PC confirmed by surgery or PC with probable or possible diagnosis were excluded from the study. Latex agglutination test and CrAg lateral flow assay were used for detection of serum CrAg. Lung biopsy and needle aspiration were performed under computed tomography guidance.ResultsEighty-nine patients with proven PC including 41 male (46.1%) and 48 female (53.9%) were enrolled. Fifty-one (57.3%) patients had underlying disease. Positive CrAg test was found in 83 (93.3%) cases. Among six cases with negative CrAg test, PC was confirmed by histology in two cases and positive culture in four cases. The histopathological results of 77 (86.5%) cases revealed cryptococcal granuloma and 12 cases showed chronic inflammation, which was confirmed by positive culture. Among 65 cases, the diseased tissue of 46 (70.8%) cases presented Cryptococcus neoformans in the culture and one case was diagnosed with lung cancer coexisting with PC.ConclusionOur findings showed that serum CrAg test is rapid and sensitive in diagnosing PC, histology is important for confirming PC and culture plays a complementary role. Biopsied lung tissue should be submitted for cultures whenever feasible.

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This study aimed to explore alterations of seed-based functional connectivity (FC) in dorsal attention network (DAN), ventral attention network (VAN), and default mode network (DMN) in ADHD children. Method: A voxel-based comparison of FC maps between 46 drug-naïve children with ADHD and 31 healthy controls (HCs) and correlation analysis between connectivity features and behavior were performed. Results: Compared with the HCs, children with ADHD were characterized by hyperconnectivity between DAN and regions of DMN and by hyperconnectivity between DMN and a set of regions involved in somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortices. No significant group different FC was found between VAN and the whole brain. Higher FC between DMN and somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortex was associated with better performance in attention and executive function. Conclusion: The dysregulation of networks in children with ADHD not only involves the DAN and DMN but also the somatosensory, motor, visual, and auditory networks.

Lignin and cellulose were gasified at 500 and 600 °C in supercritical water over co-precipitated CeO2–ZrO2 catalyst. The addition of CeO2–ZrO2 improved the gasification efficiency and hydrogen production, and the catalytic effect was more significant at lower temperatures. The H2 yield from cellulose gasification at 500 °C increased by over 2.5 times to 8.50 mol/kg with the presence of CeO2–ZrO2. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the catalyst reduced the content of cyclopentenone and furan derivatives in the aqueous product but increased the content of refractory phenols. We characterized the fresh and the used catalysts with H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis, showing that CeO2 was the main active component, which catalyzed gasification through redox reactions. ZrO2 enhanced the catalytic activity of CeO2 by lowering the reduction temperature in hydrogen, increasing the dispersion of CeO2, and facilitating H2 adsorption on the catalyst surface.