Hydrogen production from supercritical water gasification of soda black liquor with various metal oxides

Chen, Cao; Xie, Yupeng; Mao, Liuhao; Wei, Wenwen; Shi, Jinwen; Jin, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.04.143

Cited by 53 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Rare-earth metal oxides, such as CeO 2 , showed little catalytic activity within the gasification reaction of glucose at 873 K, 250 bar, and 10 min reaction time in a quartz capillary reactor [72] and the same for the gasification of soda black liquor at 873 K and 240-260 bar [128]. Cubic CeO 2 nanocatalyst was tested for the gasification of black liquor in sub-and supercritical conditions at 623 K and 723 K, 250 bar in a batch reactor for 15 min and 60 min.…”

Section: Metal Oxides For Scw Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 summarizes the main findings of studies reporting results on catalytic SCW processes using metal oxides as the active material. Various transition metal oxides have been tested for the gasification of biomass and biomass related model compounds, and for gas production from industrial and municipal wastes under different SCW conditions [67,72,128,133].…”

Section: Metal Oxides For Scw Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest gasification efficiency was achieved when V 2 O 5 was used as catalyst, however with low H 2 selectivity. The highest H 2 fraction in the gas product was obtained when ZnO and Co 2 O 3 were used as catalysts in the gasification reaction [128].When the same metal oxides were tested for the gasification of glucose model compound, all the metal oxides improved the CH 4 fractions except V 2 O 5 , CuO, and ZrO 2 [72]. Under the investigated processing conditions, the least stable catalysts were found to be CuO and Fe 2 O 3 which reduced to metal or lower-valence metal oxides (Cu, Cu 2 O, or FeO) without catalytic activity [128].…”

Section: Metal Oxides For Scw Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

et al. 2021

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In response to increasing energy demand, various types of organic wastes, including industrial and municipal wastewaters, or biomass wastes, are considered reliable energy sources. Wastes are now treated in supercritical water (SCW) for non-fossil fuel production and energy recovery. Considering that SCW technologies are green and energetically effective, to implement them on a large scale is a worldwide interest. However, issues related to the stability and functionality of materials used in the harsh conditions of SCW reactors still need to be addressed. Here we present an overview on materials used in the SCW technologies for energy harvesting from wastes. There are catalysts based on metals or metal oxides, and we discuss on these materials’ efficiency and selectivity in SCW conditions. We focus on processes relevant to the waste-to-energy field, such as supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). We discuss the results reported, mainly in the last decades in connection to the current concept of supercritical pseudo-boiling (PB), a phenomenon occurring at the phase change from liquid-like (LL) to gas-like (GL) state of a fluid. This review aims to be a useful database that provides guidelines for the selection of the abovementioned functional materials (catalysts, catalyst supports, and sorbents) for the SCW process, starting from wastes and ending with energy-relevant products.

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Section: Metal Oxides For Scw Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Oxides For Scw Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Oxides For Scw Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

et al. 2021

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“…Previously, we tested the effect of 12 kinds of transition metal oxides on SCWG of glucose and found that Cr 2 O 3 , CuO, and WO 3 were the most effective in improving the gasification efficiency . In SCWG of black liquor, CuO and Fe 2 O 3 were also found to be effective to improve the gasification efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production from Supercritical Water Gasification of Lignin and Cellulose with Coprecipitated CuO–ZnO and Fe₂O₃–Cr₂O₃

Chen

Xie

Chen

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this study, CuO−ZnO and Fe 2 O 3 −Cr 2 O 3 were prepared by coprecipitation and their catalytic activity in supercritical water gasification (SCWG) was evaluated at 500 and 600 °C. Both catalysts improved the gasification efficiency and hydrogen production from cellulose and lignin. CuO−ZnO showed a higher catalytic activity in SCWG of lignin, while Fe 2 O 3 −Cr 2 O 3 showed a higher impact on cellulose gasification. With CuO−ZnO, the highest H 2 yield of 29.62 mol/kg was obtained in lignin gasification at 600 °C. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR), and scanning electron microscopy−energy-dispersive spectrometer (SEM−EDS), showing that Fe 2 O 3 was reduced to Fe 3 O 4 at 500 and 600 °C, while Cr 2 O 3 was only reduced at 600 °C. In CuO−ZnO, the component CuO was reduced to Cu at both temperatures, while ZnO was not reduced, but it varied CuO performance in SCWG. The reduction of the oxides can release active oxygen species to promote the decomposition of organics, and the formed Cu can further promote the water−gas shift reaction and carbon conversion.

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“…Alén et al 4 recovered the aliphatic carboxylic acids from kraft black liquors by separating the liquor into hydroxy acids and sodium sulfate fractions. Cao et al 5 produced hydrogen-rich gases through supercritical water gasification of black liquor. Song et al 6 used two different bed materials to study the continuous, fluidized bed pyrolysis of reed black liquor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐combustion characteristics of black liquor and waste oil sludge

Chen

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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In this study, the co-combustion of black liquor and oil sludge is investigated.The properties of the fuels are analyzed, and the co-combustion characteristics are explored by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The synergistic effect, activation energy as well as gas yield are also studied from TG-FTIR results. The results show that the addition of oil sludge can promote the reaction in the early stage, as indicated by the combustion characteristic index and the flammability index. The TG-FTIR also shows that the swelling behavior of black liquor appears to block the release of volatile matter. The weaker SO 2 emission and XRF analysis for the black liquor indicate that most of the sulfur remained in the ash. A positive synergy effect existed in the early stage, and the activation energy decreased with the addition of oil sludge. Distinct stages could be observed in the single pellet combustion experiments. Adding oil sludge to the black liquor promoted surface bubbles and ash melting. Surface bubbles indicate more volatile breaks through the plastic state layer formed on the black liquor and increase the reaction. However, adding oil sludge should be controlled to reduce the hindrance to the reaction due to ash melting.

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Hydrogen production from supercritical water gasification of soda black liquor with various metal oxides

Cited by 53 publications

References 52 publications

Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

Hydrogen Production from Supercritical Water Gasification of Lignin and Cellulose with Coprecipitated CuO–ZnO and Fe₂O₃–Cr₂O₃

Co‐combustion characteristics of black liquor and waste oil sludge

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Hydrogen production from supercritical water gasification of soda black liquor with various metal oxides

Cited by 53 publications

References 52 publications

Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

Hydrogen Production from Supercritical Water Gasification of Lignin and Cellulose with Coprecipitated CuO–ZnO and Fe2O3–Cr2O3

Co‐combustion characteristics of black liquor and waste oil sludge

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Hydrogen Production from Supercritical Water Gasification of Lignin and Cellulose with Coprecipitated CuO–ZnO and Fe₂O₃–Cr₂O₃