River flooding has become a serious disruption for community which lives in downstream area of a watershed. Comal Watershed is annually experience river flooding caused by Comal River. Therefore, it is necessary to proper mitigation planning. This study organized the arrangement of river flooding non-structural mitigation planning. Qualitative approach was used in this study; not to mention the research design utilzed literature study and field survey. Literature study was used for finding out the river flood events record and affected area in downdstream area of Comal Watershed. Meanwhile, field survey was conducted to overview the socio-cultural condition of the community which live in it. The results indicated that river flooding non-structural mitigation planning area in downdstream area of Comal Watershed consisted of spatial planning in harmony with landuse management of Comal Watershed, detection and prediction of the Comal River discharge conditions through recording and observing hydrometeorological data, management planning of riparian zone, Disaster literacy toward schools and community, community communication system improvement, local wisdom enhancement, evacuation route arrangement, early warning system utilization, disaster simulation and reforestation. Mitigation planning is not only the responsibility of the government, but requires awareness and cooperation from the community.
The southern coastal area of Java Island is one of the nine seismic gaps that prone to tsunamis. The entire coastline in one of the regencies, Gunungkidul, is exposed to the subduction zone in the Indian Ocean. Also, the growing tourism industries in the regency increase its vulnerability, which places most of its areas at high risk of tsunamis. This conditions are expected to increase the tsunami risk and loss potential alongside the coastal area. This research aims to model tsunami inundation and estimate the loss that caused by tsunami. Detailed DEM generated from UAV photogrammetry. Based on the model, several inundation scenario. Based on the model, the 4-m inundation did not affect a wide area. The modelling proves that the extent of tsunami-inundated areas is directly proportional to the wave height of tsunamis. The inundated area extend as the inundation scenario increase. Hilly karst topography prevent the water to inundate wider areas. The loss calculation shows that the material loss at the trading centre was relatively much higher than the other land uses because its included not only the value of the building but also the commodities and the strategic importance of their market.
<p>The rapid development of Balikpapan City has an impact on the increasingly high demand for land for urban expansion needs. The expansion of Balikpapan City is more directed towards coastal areas which are dominated by mangrove forests. This study discusses the destruction of the mangrove forest and its causal factors and how conservation efforts are being carried out to maintain sustainability. Mangrove forest damage data obtained through surveys and image analysis using NDVI. While the factors causing the damage to mangrove forests were obtained from observations and interviews with the mangrove center manager of Balikpapan. The results showed that there were many mangrove forests that had rare or already damaged that were spread in the West Balikpapan, North Balikpapan, and East Balikpapan Sub-district. This damage is caused by natural and non-natural factors. Natural factors that cause damage to mangrove forests are pests and sedimentation. The non-natural factors are due to the pollution and the opening of fish ponds. Preservation efforts are carried out by replanting mangroves which are only carried out by the mangrove center and some CSR and environmentalists and do not involve the community at large. These Conditions make the mangrove forest in Balikpapan City threatened its sustainability.</p>
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