SummaryTooth agenesis in the reduction of tooth number which includes hypodontia, oligodontia and anodontia is caused by disturbances and gene mutations that occur during odontogenesis. To date, several genetic mutations that unlock the causes of non-syndromic tooth agenesis are being discovered; these have been associated with certain illnesses because tooth development involves the interaction of several genes for tooth epithelium and mesenchyme odontogenesis. Mutation of candidate genes PAX9 and MSX1 have been identified as the main causes of hypodontia and oligodontia; meanwhile, AXIN2 mutation is associated with anodontia. Previous study using animal models reported that PAX9-deficient knockout mice exhibit missing molars due to an arrest of tooth development at the bud stage. PAX9 frameshift, missense and nonsense mutations are reported to be responsible; however, the most severe condition showed by the phenotype is caused by haploinsufficiency. This suggests that PAX9 is dosage-sensitive. Understanding the mechanism of genetic mutations will benefit clinicians and human geneticists in future alternative treatment investigations.

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BackgroundNeonatal teeth erupt during the neonatal period and natal teeth are the presence of teeth since birth. While rare, natal teeth and neonatal teeth can have a significant impact on breastfeeding. Neonatal teeth are less common, and although its exact etiology is still unknown, it can cause difficulties in breastfeeding to the mother and may eventually lead to discontinuation of breastfeeding. Other associated possible complications include tooth aspiration and sublingual ulceration. This paper was aimed to discuss the clinical features, complications, and management of neonatal tooth, in addition to its impact on breastfeeding and role in sublingual ulcer formation.Case presentationWe present a baby girl who had a neonatal tooth with sublingual ulceration (Riga-Fede disease), which resulted in a difficulty to breastfeed for the baby and nipple pain to the mother. Following the extraction of the baby’s tooth, she immediately continued breastfeeding, and her tongue ulcer healed well.ConclusionExtraction of the neonatal tooth promoted rapid healing of oral ulcers and the reestablishment of breastfeeding.

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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and association of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) with perinatal complications (PC), childhood illness (CI), and prolonged antibiotic consumption (PAC) among children attended at the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM. MIH was determined based on criteria from EAPD seminar, Athens 2003. Out of 156 patients, 23 were detected having MIH within the 9 months period. Analysis of risk factors indicated significant association between MIH with CI. In conclusion, MIH was not related to gender. However, MIH was associated with CI but not with PC and PAC.

The aim is to investigate the dental development (DD) in children with hypodontia and hyperdontia compared to age, gender, and race matched controls.A match-pair case control study was conducted among children aged 5 to 14-year-old, attending the Dental Polyclinic, IIUM, from December 2011 until September 2014. Willem’s method was used to analyze the dental age (DA) using panoramic radiograph. The difference between dental age of hypodontia/hyperdontia children and the controlswas analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The differences between dental and chronological ages (CA) and the differences in DA and CA with the numbers of missing teeth were analyzed using t-test. Intra-class correlation coefficient between examiners ranged from 0.98-0.99. The result is that27 hypodontia and 12 hyperdontia samples were recruited and compared to a total of 78 matched controls. Both male (n=12) and female (n=15) hypodontia children had statistically significant delay in DD (p=0.000). There was no significant difference in the DD of male (n=7, p=0.811) and female (n=5, p=0.235) in hyperdontia children compared to the matched controls. No differences were observed between DA and CA with the number of missing teeth. Unlike hyperdontia children, hypodontia children showed delayed DD in comparison to age, gender, and race matched controls. There was no association between magnitudes of dental development delay in hypodontia children with the number of missing teeth. This study provides valuable baseline information for provision of better treatment planning for those hypodontia and hyperdontia children that may involve inter-disciplinary management.

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