Crosslinking of membrane-bound IMmuno- (5-7). Associations of the interleukin 2 receptor f3 chain and T-cell antigen receptor with the Src-like kinases Lck and Fyn, respectively, were also reported (8-10). However, the physiological substrates or targets of these Src-like kinases in receptor-mediated signaling have yet to be identified. In recent studies on the targets of the tyrosine kinases, much information has been obtained about the plateletderived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R). The binding of PDGF to PDGF-R (J3 type) activates the receptor's kinase activity and induces its association with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), Ras GTPase-activating protein, and phospholipase C-y upon ligand-mediated signaling (11). One possible target of the tyrosine kinase, PI 3-kinase, is also associated with ligand-stimulated receptors for colony-stimulating factor 1 and insulin (11)(12)(13) and with an activated form of Src, p60-src (14). The levels ofproducts of PI 3-kinase are elevated in cells carrying these activated tyrosine kinases. Therefore, PI 3-kinase is likely to be an important target oftyrosine kinases.The lyn gene is a member of the src family and encodes two forms of protein-tyrosine kinase (Lyn), p531Yfl and p56IYn. 1118The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Amyloidosis is a protein conformational disorder in which amyloid fibrils accumulate in the extracellular space and induce organ dysfunction. Recently, two different amyloidogenic proteins, transthyretin (TTR) and apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), were identified in amyloid deposits in knee joints in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, clinicopathological differences related to those two kinds of amyloid deposits in the knee joint remain to be clarified. Here, we investigated the clinicopathological features related to these knee amyloid deposits associated with knee OA and the biochemical characteristics of the amyloid deposits. We found that all of our patients with knee OA had amyloid deposits in the knee joints, especially in the meniscus, and those deposits were primarily derived from TTR and/or Apo A-I. Some patients with knee OA, however, had unclassified amyloid deposits. One of our interesting observations concerned the different effects of aging on each type of amyloid formed. The frequency of formation of ATTR deposits clearly increased with age, but that of AApo A-I deposits decreased. Furthermore, we found that ∼16% of patients with knee OA developed ATTR/AApo A-I double deposits in the meniscus. Amyloid deposition may therefore be a common histopathological feature associated with knee OA. Also, aging may induce ATTR formation in the knee joint in elderly patients with knee OA, whereas AApo A-I formation may be inversely correlated with age.

This study contributes to the literature on influences of differential CRCS prevalence among AA subgroups. CRCS promotion should be tailored according to attitudes and structural barriers affecting screening behavior of specific ethnic subgroups to truly serve the health needs of the diverse AA population. Cancer 2018;124:1543-51. © 2018 American Cancer Society.

Patients with a history of mild ischemic stroke had low MVPA and high VFL values, which together may be a risk factor for RIS.

Background: Evidence is accumulating that the promoter region of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene polymorphism and low levels of IGF-I are associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and birth weight; however, the number of wild-type alleles is different in each country. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the 737/738 marker, a cytosine–adenine repeat in the promoter region of the IGF-I gene polymorphism, and plasma IGF-I levels in Japanese infants and analyze the genetic background. Methods: Data were collected for 15 months in Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. The body composition parameters of all infants were determined at birth. At 5 days after birth, we took blood samples to measure the product size of the promoter region of the IGF-I gene polymorphism and plasma IGF-I. Results: In a population-based sample of 160 subjects, 6 different alleles and 16 genotypes were identified in the promoter region of the IGF-I gene polymorphism. The existence of a 196-bp allele has proved to result in a low plasma IGF-I level, a small head and chest circumference (p < 0.05) and no significant for premature birth, short-birth height and low-birth weight. Conclusions: This is the first study showing the role of the promoter region of the IGF-I gene polymorphism and the level of plasma IGF-I and body composition parameters in Japanese infants. Our results suggest genetical influence on prenatal growth and serum IGF-I levels.

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This longitudinal descriptive study examined whether rectal cancer patients report changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) over a 6-month period after different types of sphincter-saving surgery (SSS): intersphincteric resection (ISR), ultra-low anterior resection (ULAR) and low anterior resection (LAR). It also compares HRQOL among the three groups of patients. Seventy-three patients from two hospitals in Japan completed questionnaires on HRQOL and defecation symptoms immediately before surgery and 1 and 6 months afterwards. Results showed that ISR patients had significantly worse HRQOL scores than ULAR and LAR patients and more defecation symptoms that persisted during the 6 months post-SSS. Thus, patients undergoing ISR require psychological and social support, including skills in competent self-management, during the early post-operative period. Furthermore, defecation problems substantially influence HRQOL. The first month post-SSS is particularly challenging. The assumption that HRQOL is better after SSS compared to living with a permanent stoma might not be valid.

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