Social media has been associated with decreased attention, memory, and learning abilities; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Dynamic function network connectivity (dFNC) analysis is suitable for uncovering dynamical brain activity. Besides, the effects of a cognitive task may persist for a while on the brain, even after the termination of the task, also known as the carryover effect. Consequently, we combined the dFNC analysis and cerebral carryover effects to study the brain dynamics of reading social media posts in the natural state and comparatively investigated the brain dynamics of reading science fiction on the smartphone. We performed functional MRI (fMRI) scans of all subjects at baseline and then assigned them a social media post or science fiction reading task. Immediately after, another fMRI scanning was performed for these subjects. We found that the change between dFNC states, the number of dFNC states, and the total distances increased after reading science fiction. Furthermore, the global, local, and nodal efficiencies of the deep-thinking state tended to increase after reading science fiction. On reading social media posts, the functional connectivity (FC) between the default mode network (DMN) and bilateral frontoparietal network (FPN) decreased, while the FC between DMN and visual network (VN) increased. Given the current evidence, we concluded that reading science fiction could substantially increase brain activity and network efficiency, while social media was related to abnormal FCs between DMN, VN, and FPN.
ObjectivesTo quantitatively summarize the specific changes in brain structure and function in migraine patients.MethodsA literature screening of migraine was conducted from inception to Sept 1, 2022, in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Medline databases using the keyword combination of “migraine and MRI.” Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) was performed to assess the differentiation of functional connectivity (FC), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and gray matter volume (GMV) of migraine patients.ResultsEleven voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies and 25 resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) studies (16 FC and 9 ReHo studies) were included in this study. ALE analysis revealed the ReHo increase in the brainstem and left thalamus, with no decreased area. Neither increased nor decreased regions were detected in FC and GMV of migraine patients.ConclusionsThe left thalamus and brainstem were the significantly activated regions of migraine. It is a meaningful insights into the pathophysiology of migraine. The consistent alterated brain areas of morphometrical and functional in migraine patients were far from reached based on current studies.
The original version of this article, published on 23 April 2021, unfortunately contained mistakes. The following corrections have therefore been made in the original: Firstly, in the "Abstract" section, the word "exitance" in the 7th line should have read "existence", and "87.5% and 90.6%" in the 12th line should have read "87.8% and 88.0%".Secondly, in the "Results" section, subsection "Diagnostic value of using RAGS", the sentence "..., 5% and 8% higher than the corresponding 87.5% and 90.6% with conventional CTA images" in the 8th and 9th lines should have read "..., 4.0% and 9.8% higher than the corresponding 88.0% and 87.8% with conventional CTA images".Thirdly, in the "Discussion" section, the sentence "..., which was 5% and 8% higher than the corresponding 87.5% and 90.6% with standard CTA" should have read "..., which was 4.0% and 9.8% higher than the corresponding 88.0% and 87.8% with standard CTA".The original article has been corrected.Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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