SSR marker is one of the genetic markers widely applied in plant breeding programs. The application of molecular markers in plant breeding is meant to accelerate the selection of cross-progeny. The research aimed to identify the SSR primers polymorphism between the parent and control that linked to Al tolerance and verify the cross-progeny of five crosses. The result gained from 37 SSR primers used in this study showed that only nine primers are polymorphic. These nine polymorphic primers are RM257, RM214, RM247, RM205, RM490, RM262, RM569, RM271, and RM19. The application of polymorphic markers on five cross-progeny which have shown the same band pattern as the parents and tolerant control on the use of 9 SSR primers recorded as follows: RM257 2 lines, RM214 5 lines, RM247 5 lines, RM205 lines, RM490 13 lines, RM262 5 lines, RM569 7 lines, RM271 4 lines, and RM19 6 lines. The selected SSR primers linked to Al tolerance in this research can be used as a reference for molecular breeding strategies to develop new Al tolerance rice varieties in dryland conditions.
Garut (Maranta arundinacea L.) is a tuber containing flour with a low Glycemic Index (IG) suitable for diabetics and other degenerative diseases. It needs to be developed to reduce the dependence on imports or to substitute wheat flour. The objective of the study was to obtain superior arrowroot seedlings and observe the effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the density and position of stomata on arrowroot leaves. In this research, the irradiation of five arrowroot accessions of second-generation (MV1) with gamma rays (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gray) was carried out to obtain mutants with superior character so that they could be used as parent plants for arrowroot flour production. The treatments administered were arrowroot accessions (V), gamma-ray radiation dose (R), and their interaction. The qualitative and quantitative characters on plant characteristics, tuber production, and arrowroot leaves' stomata were observed. The research results showed that increased production is primarily for 25-Pandeglang accession (808.33 grams) and 10 Gray (800.00 grams) of gamma ray radiation treatment. It is expected that this accession can be released as a new variety candidate after subsequent selection and evaluation in a further generation. Moreover, the dose of gamma-ray radiation is inversely proportional to the number of stomata, which will increase the photosynthesis, thus increasing the number of tubers produced.
The preservation and protection of citrus plant germplasms can be done in-situ and ex-situ. Germplasm garden LIPI, Cibinong was built as a local fruit plant garden. The field management also carries out seed propagation and dissemination. This study aims to reveal the genetic diversity of citrus collections and used them as a database for plant breeding and protection activities. This research was conducted at the Agronomy Laboratory for Evaluation of Biotechnology Products-LIPI. Genetic analysis was performed using RAPD techniques, and the resulting data were processed using PowerMarkerver 3.25 and PASTver 3.25 programs. The results showed that seven genetic materials for citrus analyzed with 15 RAPD primers resulted in the mean number of alleles, frequency of main alleles, and heterozygosity are 7.33, 0.49, and 1, respectively. All primers had a PIC value > 0.5, meaning they had high information in fingerprinting research on citrus plant genetic diversity, with an average gene diversity of 0.71. Principal coordinates analysis [PCoA] and clustering obtained two groups with a 0.70 similarity coefficient. Garut and Siam Pontianak have the closest relationship [92% similarity]. On the other hand, the farthest genetic relationship is between Bali and Keprok Batu-55, with a similarity index value of 52%.
Mango genetic diversity becomes the successful key factor of the mango breeding program. To obtain higher genetic diversity can be done through explorations of mango germplasm. This study aims to complete the morphology and genetic data characterization of the mango plant collection of Cibinong germplasm garden. The morphology analysis was carried out on the leaves character, while the genetic conducted using the RAPD marker. The data was analyzed using PAST 3.25 and PowerMarker 3.25 software. The result showed that 7 out of 11 leaves characters have diverse variation. The qualitative morphological observation showed that the leaves of Kweni have the largest shape among the others. The first principal component analysis with eigenvalue >1 explained that the diversity index of examined material was 51.4%. The colour of the young leaves character became the most influential character in leaves morphology diversity. The genetic analysis results using 13 RAPD markers showed the average of alleles number, main alleles frequency, genetic diversity, heterozygosity, and PIC values were 7.1; 0.47; 0.72; 0.99; and 0.70, respectively. The most informative marker used in this study was OPA18. Phylogenetic analysis based on leaf morphology and RAPD markers divided seven mango plants into two groups. The first group consisted of Manalagi69, Arumanis143, Cengkir Indramayu, Sibadak, Gedong Gincu, and Kweni, while the second group was Apel. The similarity index showed that Cengkir Indramayu and Sibadak has 85% similarity, while Apel has the lowest similarity with Arumanis143 and Kweni by only 68%. The morphology and genetic analysis in this study was expected to be the basis for developing a new superior variety and conservation of mango plant collection of Cibinong germplasm garden.
Tingginya keragaman Syzygium, khususnya jambu air disebabkan oleh penyerbukan silang, baik yang terjadi secara alami maupun akibat perbuatan manusia. Ketersediaan informasi keragaman jambu air koleksi Kebun Plasma Nutfah (KPN) Tanaman Cibinong sampai saat ini belum ada dan belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mempelajari keragaman morfologi dan genetik tanaman jambu air koleksi KPN Cibinong. Lima jambu air koleksi KPN diamati keragaman morfologinya dan tujuh jambu air koleksi KPN diamati genetiknya. Analisis morfologi dilakukan dengan pengamatan pada karakter daun dan bunga, sedangkan analisis genetik menggunakan primer Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Data diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS, XLSTAT, NTSYS-pc versi 2.2 dan Power Marker. Hasil pengamatan morfologi pada lima jambu air diperoleh tiga kelompok yaitu Cincalo merah, Semarang merah, Semarang hijau (I), Jambu air lokal (II) dan Sigondrong (III). Berdasarkan analisis komponen utama, warna batang dekat daun, susunan tulang daun dan warna pangkal tangkai sari menjadi karakter yang paling berkontribusi dalam keragaman. Sementara hasil analisis genetik pada tujuh jambu air menggunakan 14 primer RAPD dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu Citra (I), Jambu air lokal (II), Semarang hijau, Merah delima, Sigondrong, Semarang merah dan Cincalo merah (III). Rerata jumlah pita sebanyak 5,79 dan rerata polimorfis pita 4,36 dengan rerata persentase polimorfisme sebesar 72,76%. Empat primer RAPD yaitu OPA-5, OPA-9, OPA-17 dan OPA-18 memberikan nilai Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) yang tinggi sebesar 0,7. Analisis morfologi dan genetik dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam perakitan varietas unggul dan konservasi tanaman jambu air di KPN Cibinong.
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