26Understanding the factors that influence the outcome of crop interactions with microbes is key to 27 managing crop diseases and improving yield. While the composition, structure and functional profile of 28 crop microbial communities are shaped by complex interactions between the host, microbes and the 29 environment, the relative contribution of each of these factors is mostly unknown. Here, we profiled the 30 community composition of bacteria across leaves of 3,024 rice (Oryza sativa) accessions from field trials 31 in China and the Philippines using metagenomics. Despite significant differences in diversity between 32 environments, the structure and metabolic profiles of the microbiome appear to be conserved, suggesting 33 that microbiomes converge onto core functions. Furthermore, co-occurrence analysis identified microbial 34 hubs that regulate the network structure of the microbiome. We identified rice genomic regions controlling 35 the abundance of these hubs, enriched for processes involved in stress responses and carbohydrate 36 metabolism. We functionally validated the importance of these processes, finding that abundance of hub 37 taxa was different in rice mutants with altered cellulose and salicylate accumulation, two major 38 metabolites at the host-microbe interactions interface. By identifying key host genomic regions, host traits 39 and hub microbes that govern microbiome composition, our study opens the door to designing future 40 cropping systems. 41 42

No abstract

The aims of research is to get upland rice lines with high yield, aluminum tolerance and resistance of blast. Genetic material were used 380 lines (F6) from six hybridization combination were evaluated under stress Al condition in environment endemic blast by using augmented design with five randomized block. Performance of lines at the field and level of tolerance was tested.  The results showed that have five genetic clusters formed of 380 lines of upland rice in a test based on a quantitative character. The best cluster is cluster number 3 with lines that have characters growth vigor of plants are uniform, 50% flowering  days short, harvesting of early maturing, high plant medium, amount of productive tillers is high, medium on panicle length, the most number of filled grain, the lowest of empty grains, the most weight of 5 panicles and high yield potential. Aluminum Tolerant and Blast Resistant owned by almost  all clusters. But the lines on the cluster 3 have highest resistance to blast and Al at 96%.

The objective of this study was to investigate the response of local tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) seedlings growth on media containing grass and spent mushroom compost in the nursery. The grass compost (GC) was produced by Research Center for Biotechnology-LIPI. Whereas the spent oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) compost (OC) and spent paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) compost (PC) were produced by Research Center for Biology-LIPI. Growing media of tomato seedling was a mixture of top soil (TS), rice husk charcoal (HC), grass compost (GC), spent oyster mushroom compost (OC) and spent paddy straw mushroom compost (PC) in the ratio of 1:1 as follows: TS+HC, TS+HC+GC, TS+HC+OC and TS+HC+PC. The experiments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Growth parameters observed i.e. seedling growth, dry weight production and leaf indices. Results showed that growing medium containing spent paddy straw mushroom compost was the best to improve seedlings growth in general. However, the lowest specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) indices were obtained by the seedlings on the medium without compost. Correlation analysis showed that highest correlations were recorded for the TS+HC+OC medium. The tomato seedling growth was improved on the media containing compost in general.

Indonesia as a rich biodiversity country has many superior fruit plant germplasms such as sweet star fruit or carambola (Averrhoa carambola). Some varieties of carambola which collected at the Germplasm Garden of Research Center for Biotechnology-LIPI have been used for parent trees of fruit plant production. Therefore, they have to be characterized both phenotypically and genetically. The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between eight varieties of carambola i.e. Malaysia, Penang, Rawasari, Bangkok, Sembiring, Dewabaru, Demak and Dewimurni at the germplasm garden based on phenotypic and genetic characters. Phenotypic characters were observed directly in the field, whereas genetic characters were observed with RAPD markers using 10 primers. Phylogenetic analysis was done using NT-SYS software showed that there were three clusters of carambola varieties. Meanwhile, Malaysia and Penang varieties have closed relationships (96%) compared with the other varieties. The result of the study would be dedicated to updating and completing the existing fruit plant collection database of Plants Germplasm Garden.