The development of functional food is one of the government’s programs to improve food security in Indonesia. Increasing cases of degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer have triggered people to look for functional food ingredients, especially local resource-based food sources in each region to explore the benefits and nutritional content of health. Arrowroot (Maranta arundinaceae L.) is an alternative crop-source of carbohydrate with enormous potential to be developed. Flour products from arrowroot plant have special features, which are easy to digest because the content of the glycemic index (IG) is low so it is very good for health. This plant is generally propagated by vegetation, so it has a narrow genetic diversity. Various efforts have been made to improve the genetic diversity of arrowroot plants, in order to obtain superior types of arrowroot plants with high productivity. This study aims to understand and explore the primacy of arrowroot plants from the benefits, origin, spread, multiplication, and utilization of plants by the community. Based on the results of this study we have not discovered any superior arrowroot plant model with high productivity and wide genetic diversity.
Garut (Maranta arundinacea L.) is a tuber containing flour with a low Glycemic Index (IG) suitable for diabetics and other degenerative diseases. It needs to be developed to reduce the dependence on imports or to substitute wheat flour. The objective of the study was to obtain superior arrowroot seedlings and observe the effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the density and position of stomata on arrowroot leaves. In this research, the irradiation of five arrowroot accessions of second-generation (MV1) with gamma rays (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gray) was carried out to obtain mutants with superior character so that they could be used as parent plants for arrowroot flour production. The treatments administered were arrowroot accessions (V), gamma-ray radiation dose (R), and their interaction. The qualitative and quantitative characters on plant characteristics, tuber production, and arrowroot leaves' stomata were observed. The research results showed that increased production is primarily for 25-Pandeglang accession (808.33 grams) and 10 Gray (800.00 grams) of gamma ray radiation treatment. It is expected that this accession can be released as a new variety candidate after subsequent selection and evaluation in a further generation. Moreover, the dose of gamma-ray radiation is inversely proportional to the number of stomata, which will increase the photosynthesis, thus increasing the number of tubers produced.
SSR marker is one of the genetic markers widely applied in plant breeding programs. The application of molecular markers in plant breeding is meant to accelerate the selection of cross-progeny. The research aimed to identify the SSR primers polymorphism between the parent and control that linked to Al tolerance and verify the cross-progeny of five crosses. The result gained from 37 SSR primers used in this study showed that only nine primers are polymorphic. These nine polymorphic primers are RM257, RM214, RM247, RM205, RM490, RM262, RM569, RM271, and RM19. The application of polymorphic markers on five cross-progeny which have shown the same band pattern as the parents and tolerant control on the use of 9 SSR primers recorded as follows: RM257 2 lines, RM214 5 lines, RM247 5 lines, RM205 lines, RM490 13 lines, RM262 5 lines, RM569 7 lines, RM271 4 lines, and RM19 6 lines. The selected SSR primers linked to Al tolerance in this research can be used as a reference for molecular breeding strategies to develop new Al tolerance rice varieties in dryland conditions.
Garut (Maranta arundinaceae L.) is one crop a potential alternative source of carbohydrate that has enormous potential to be developed. Food made from arrowroot flour has the advantage that is easy to digest up to very good for health. These plants are generally propagated vegetative, so it has a narrow genetic diversity. To increase the genetic diversity of arrowroot plants, gamma ray irradiation was performed at the Center for Radiation and Isotopes, BATAN, at a dose of 10 to 140 Gy with intervals of 10. Analysis of morphological changes and the selection was done by observing the characteristic changes of the plant began generating plant shoots up to a maximum plant growth or plant produces flowers. The research objective was to determine the optimal dose of irradiation in determining the LD 50 for expanding the arrowroot plant genetic diversity. The method used was completely randomized design with 15 treatments and two replications. Based on the results revealed that the radiation could be affect to the morphological characteristics of plants such as leaves, number of shoots, plant height and tubers production. Key words: gamma ray radiation, alternative food, Garut plant (Maranta arundinaceae L).
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