BackgroundDisturbances of the fatty acids composition in plasma and red blood cells and eicosanoid synthesis play an important role in the metabolic syndrome (MS) formation.MethodsThe observation group included 61 people with metabolic syndrome (30 patients with MS and normal levels of insulin, 31 people with MS and insulin resistance - IR). The parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in blood serum were examined. The composition of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), fatty acid (FA) of red blood cells lipids was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Eicosanoids level in MS patients blood serum was studied by enzyme immunoassay.ResultsIn MS patients in the absence of glucose-insulin homeostasis disturbances and in patients with IR the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2 n6, 18:3 n3, 22:4 n6) and lower pool of saturated FA (12:0, 14:0, 16: 0, 17:0) in plasma were discovered. A deficit of polyunsaturated FA (18:3 n3, 20:4 n6) with a predominance of on-saturated FA (14:0, 18:0) in erythrocyte membranes was revealed. In MS patients regardless of the carbohydrate metabolism status high levels of leukotriene B4 and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1α in serum were found. The development of IR in MS patients leads to increased synthesis of thromboxane A2.ConclusionThe results revealed a disturbance in nonesterified fatty acids of plasma lipids and red blood cells, eicosanoid synthesis in MS patients. The breach of the plasma and cell membranes fatty acids compositions, synthesis of vasoactive and proinflammatory eicosanoids is an important pathogenetic part of the MS development.
Background: Modification of fatty acids (FA) composition in erythrocytes lipids as an early indicator of the development of arterial hypertension (AH) and lipid disorders. Methods: We included 34 patients with arterial hypertension and 11 healthy individuals. Each patient was examined the lipid composition of serum. From erythrocytes by gas chromatography were identified fatty acids. The quantitative composition of the erythrocyte lipids FA in patients with AH presented with saturated and polyunsaturated monoenic acids with carbon chain lengths from C12 to C22. Results: In all hypertensive patients is disturbed lipid FA composition of erythrocytes. The patients with a normal level of serum lipids revealed deficiency of polyunsaturated acids n6-linoleic (18:2 n6), arachidonic (20:4 n6), dokozatetraenic 14,4% (22:4 n6). The patients with dislipidemia installed more profound restructuring of the lipid matrix of the membrane of erythrocytes. A decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids family n3: dokozapentaenovoy (22:5 n3), docosahexaenoic PUFA (22:6 n3), the total value of n3 PUFA in 1,3 times was revealed. Conclusion: Thus, modification of erythrocyte FA are fairly subtle indicator of pathology of lipid metabolism, which manifest themselves much earlier than changes in the lipoprotein of blood plasma.
Objective: Sea hydrobionts are a rich source of biologically active lipid compounds. Search for new biologically active substances to determine their pharmacological effectiveness is of current interest.Background: In recent interest held pharmaceuticals from marine hydrobionts containing 1-O-alkyl-diacylglycerol (ADG). Significant amounts of ADG found in the tissues of some marine organisms of Pacific ocean - squid Berryteuthis magister (up to 50% in the lipids of the liver), crab Paralithodes camtschatica (10% lipids of the hepatopancreas). This makes it possible to use these aquatic animals as new sources of dietary supplements. In rats with alimentary dyslipidemia (DLP) examined the effect of nature 1-O-alkyl-glycerol (AG) on the metabolism of lipids, the state of the hepatobiliary, antioxidant systems and hematological parameters of blood.Method: Alimentary model DLP caused high-fat diet of beef fat and cholesterol. Were injected AG in rats with DLP a dose of the 0.4 g/kg for 30 days. 1-O-alkyl-glycerol were obtained by hydrolysis of the lipids of the liver ADG squid Berryteuthis magister. Biochemical parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and liver enzymes measured in blood serum. Investigated the total antioxidant activity (TAA) of blood plasma, the activity of catalase in erythrocytes, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) activity, glutathione (GSH) lever. The content of initial and final products of lipid peroxidation – hydroperoxides of lipids (HPL), malondialdehydes (MDA) in the blood were investigated. Determination of hematological parameters is carried out on «Abacus» (USA). Statistical significance of differences was calculated by Student's t-test.Results: Introduction AG resulted in a reduction in triglycerides in the blood serum of rats by 24.2% compared with rats with DLP (p <0.05), increase in HDL-C by 63% (p <0.001). There was an increase in blood glucose concentration by 21.3% (p <0.001), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) activity by 30% (p <0.05), ALT – 24% (p <0.001) compared with rats with DLP. After use AG in rats showed an increase in the activity of catalase, reduction of lipid hydroperoxides in plasma. Showed normalization of the TAA and the trend to reduce the concentration of MDA. In the glutathione-redox system under the influence of AG increased activity GR, GP, GSH levels. After use AG an increase in the total number of red blood cells in the blood by 40% (p < 0,001), total hemoglobin by 38% (p < 0.001), platelet count by 30% (p < 0.001 ), lymphocytes - 43% (p < 0.001), blood clotting time increased by 57%.Conclusion: The study showed that the use of AG causes increased protective functions - hematopoietic, immune-stimulating and antioxidant. These data suggest the widespread use of AG from lipid liver squid Berryteuthis magister in rehabilitation practice of various pathologies.Keywords: natural 1-O-alkyl-lglycerols, dislipidemia, metabolic status
To evaluate the effects of high fat food consisted of tallow (19% of total diets) and cholesterol (2%) on modification of erythrocyte phospholipids, fatty acids composition and glutathione redoxsystem of male Wistar rats with alimentary dyslipidemia. The results demonstrated that after 30 and 180 days of high-fat feed erythrocyte phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine levels were reduced, phosphatidylserine were increased. Only on the 90 days of the experiment phosphatidylinositol level increased. In all growups the erythrocyte 18:0 saturated fatty acids and 20:4n6, 22:4n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were increased. Deficit of n3 PUFA-20:5n3 and 22:6n3 after 90 and 180 days high fat feed promoted compensatory synthesis from 18:1n9 on 20:3n9. Erythrocyte maleic dialdehyde increased, glutathione level decreased in all groups of rats after fed with high-fat feed. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity decreased in erythrocytes after 30 and 180 days of high-fat feed. In conclusion: high-fat diet during 30-90 days started adaptive answer in lipids of membrane and glutathione redox-system. Important mechanism of adaptation of a cellular membrane to high-fat diet is increase major, structuring a membrane phosphatidylethanolamine and minor, most metabolic significant fractions phospholipids (phosphatidylinositol), keeps homeostasis of 18:2n6 and 22:6n3, 20:3n9 compensatory synthesis, decrease in activity of processes lipid peroxidation, activation of enzymes of redox-system glutathione. But prolonging the high-fat feeding (180 days and more) formed failure compensatory processes (dysadaptation). It is a risk factor of developmening atherosclerosis, diabetes, steatogepatitis and other diseases.
Studied the fatty acid (FA) composition of erythrocyte membranes in patients with arterial hypertension associated with dyslipidemia. The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes was studied by gaz chromatography. In all hypertensive patients are disturbed lipid FA composition of erythrocytes: increase in saturated fatty acids (15:0, 16:0), monoenic fatty acids (18:1n9, 18:1n7), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) family n6 (20:4n6), decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids family n3:22:5n3, 22:6n3, the total value of n3 PUFA. Cells endogenous deficiency of n3 PUFA leads to the changes of the plasmatic membranes physicochemical properties, activation of eicosanoids synthesis with proinflammatory and vasoconstriction activity, the formation of the systemic inflammatory syndrome and conditions for the atherogenesis. Thus, structural and functional changes in erythrocyte membranes in hypertension developed as a part of the common systemic disorder of lipid metabolism.
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