23Urolithin A is a major metabolite produced by rats and humans after consumption of 24 pomegranate juice or pure ellagitannin geraniin. In this study, we investigated the were statistically significant at p < 0.05; however, treatment with urolithin A at 6 h 83 before inflammatory induction by carrageenan showed no effect (Fig. 2B) scan is a powerful tool for identifying the existence of conjugated forms in biofluids.
130For detection of urolithin A conjugates in mouse plasma, neutral loss scans were 131 performed for glucuronide and sulfates (Fig. 4). The peak due to glucuronide was 132 observed at 2.5 min in the neutral loss of 176 dalton scan data (Fig. 4A) and the mass 133 spectrum of the peak at 2.5 min showed the ion peak at m/z 403, corresponding to 134 urolithin A monoglucuronide (Fig. 4B)
149In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory activity in the
Radioprotective effects of a "vater-soluble extracts from cultured medium of Ganoderma !uciduill (Rei-shi) mycelia (designed as MAK) and Agariclls blazei (Agaricus) against the shortening of survi val time or the injury of crypt by X-irradiation were investigated in male B6C3Fl mice.. MAK and Agaricus at three different doses were mixed into basal diet into biscuits at 5, 2.5 and 1.25% and administered from 1 week before irradiation. MAK (5% group) significantly prolonged animal survival as compared with basal diet group (control group) after 7 Gy of X-ray irradiation at a dose rate of 2 Gy min-I. At doses of 8, 10 and 12 Gy X-ilTadiation at a dose rate of 4 Gy min• 1 MAK (5% group) significantly increased crypt survival as compared to other groups. These results suggest that MAK can act as a radioprotective agent.
While organ-specific stem cells with roles in tissue injury repair have been documented, their pathogenic significance in diseases and the factors potentially responsible for their activation remain largely unclear. In the present study, heart, kidney, brain, and skin samples from F344 transgenic rats carrying the GFP gene were transplanted into normal F344 rat liver one day after an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) to test their differentiation capacity. The transplantation was carried out by female donors to male recipients, and vice versa. One week after transplantation, GFP antigen-positive cells with phenotypic characteristics of hepatocytes were noted. After two weeks, their extent increased, and at 4 weeks, large areas of strongly GFP-stained cells developed. All recipient livers had GFP antigen-positive hepatocyte cells. PCR analysis coupled with laser capture micro-dissection (LCM) revealed those cells to contain GFP DNA. Thus, our results indicate that tissue stem cells have multipotential ability, differentiating into hepatocytes when transplanted into an injured liver.
Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF-MS) using GaP nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by a gas evaporation method was investigated on poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs). The mass spectra of PEG and survival yield measurements suggested that larger GaP NPs have a quite high soft ionization ability.
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of fermented miso (fermented soybean paste) on the induction of colon tumors by azoxymethane (AOM) in male F344 rats. A total of 91 rats, 6 weeks of age, were divided into 5 groups and given weekly subcutaneous injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body wt) for 3 weeks. The animals were placed on diets one week before the first AOM dose: commercial normal control MF diet or a diet containing 10% 2-year, 180-day fermented, or 3-4-day fermented miso. There were no differences in body and organ weights, and no aberrant crypt foci (ACF) among carcinogen-treated groups at week 25. The rates of tumor incidence were 45%, 85%, 75% and 60% with the 2-year, 180-day, and 3-4-day fermented miso and MF, respectively, and those for colon tumors were 34%, 55%, 60% and 55%, respectively. The size of welldifferentiated adenocarcinomas and total (well differentiated and signet ring cell) adenocarcinomas in the 180-day fermented miso group was significantly smaller than that in the 2-year fermented miso and MF+AOM groups. Nuclear staining of ß-catenin in colon tumors was increased for the 3-4-day fermented miso compared to the 180-day fermented miso. Cdx2 staining tendency was decreased in colon tumors and adenocarcinomas compared to normal mucosa and ACF, which stained in 100% of cases. In addition, the PCNA index was significantly reduced in the 180-day group compared with those groups receiving the 3-4-day fermented miso and MF diet. The germinal region was also decreased. The present results indicate that dietary supplementation with 180-day fermented dietary miso could act as a chemopreventive agent for colon carcinogenesis.
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