Three kinds of water-repellent cotton fabrics, A, B, and C-, are produced by alkylation with only 0.07 alkyl units per glucose unit. Sample A is prepared by alkylation by means of acetylation without mercerization, B is by direct alkylation after merceriza tion, and C is by alkylation by means of allylation and bromination. The merits of the methods are compared by contact angle measurements and spray tests after repeated laundry cycles. Sufficient water-repellency is attained with an alkyl length of over C12. These samples retain a fabric hand, water-vapor permeability, and biodegradability similar to those of untreated cellulose fabric. The end-use properties of alkylated fabrics before and after laundering are also tested.
In order to prepare durable flame retardant cotton, mercerized cotton fabric is treated with orthophosphoric acid at 140°C or pyrophosphoric acid at 110°C, followed by metal-complexation. The LOI (limited oxygen index) values of the pyrophosphorylated cotton fabrics are higher than those of orthophosphorylated fabrics; the pyrophosphorylated fabric treated with Ni
Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration is an effective treatment for gastric varices. In this report, we illustrate a consecutive treatment strategy via brachial vein approach and n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) packing of the gastrorenal shunt (GRS) after injecting sclerosing agent in a severely obese patient. The brachial vein approach reduced the burden on the patient, and the closure of the GRS using NBCA shortened the procedure time. These techniques may improve patient comfort as well as reduce medical costs and the risks of several complications.
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