Biodiesel diharapkan dapat menggantikan solar sebagai sumber energi alternatif terbarukan yang memiliki keunggulan lain seperti bahan baku terbarukan, lebih ramah lingkungan dan dapat langsung digunakan pada kendaraan. Namun, biaya produksi biodiesel masih cukup tinggi sehingga belum dapat bersaing dengan solar. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan efisiensi pada katalis. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan menggunakan katalis homogen yang umum digunakan (NaOH) dibandingkan dengan katalis heterogen (CaO). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan rendemen katalis NaOH lebih tinggi yaitu 83,75 %.
The need for catalysts for effective and environmentally friendly waste degradation is increasing. Manganese oxide has a layered structure which is theoretically capable of producing catalysis properties. The synthesis was done through variation of mole ratio of precursors and time of washing. The variations ratio of moles of precursors and washing determined the type of manganese oxide. Synthesis of birnessite type manganese oxide has been successfully performed using KMnO 4 and citric acid precursors via sol-gel method. The optimum condition of birnessite synthesis through sol-gel method was obtained in a precursor mole ratio of KMnO 4 and citric acid 3:1, single washing, with a time of calcination for 5 hours, and calcination temperature of 500 °C. The results showed that the ratio of K/Mn atoms were 3.1 to 8.0. Interpretation of infrared absorption shows a typical vibration of birnessite. Birnessite produced has a formula which was KMn 3 O 11. Birnessite can eliminate Methylene Blue up to 97.63%.
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines produced by a transesterification reaction between vegetable oils or animal fats containing triglycerides and alcohol, one of which is methanol. The use of homogeneous base catalysts in the synthesis of biodiesel still poses a problem for the environment because it is difficult to separate, therefore, researchers use variations of heterogeneous base catalysts. The synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil was carried out through a transesterification reaction with technical methanol with a catalyst of CaO impregnated Bentonite, K-Bentonite and Bentonite using the reflux method at 65ºC for 2 hours. The ratio of the volume of oil, methanol, and catalyst used is 5:1:1%-w oil. Based on the research that has been done, the yield of each catalyst is 84.85% bentonite, 84.24% K-bentonite and 89.27% K-bentonite-CaO. The characteristics of biodiesel obtained from each of these catalysts such as calorific value and density have met the quality requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182-2012), except for the acid number and kinematic viscosity which still exceed the quality requirements of SNI 7182-2012.
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