Bioethanol is an alternative and potential fuel derived from plants, which has the ability to reduce CO2 emissions. It contains sugar that can be utilized and processed into bioethanol. This study aims to produce bioethanol from pineapple peel (Ananas comosus Merr.) through acidic hydrolysis and fermentation process using Sacharomyces cereviceae. This research was expected to know the optimum condition of S. Cereviceae mass and the time of fermentation on the conversion of pineapple peel into bioethanol towards amount and content of ethanol produced. The hydrolysis was using sulfuric acid (H2SO4), fermented with variations yeast 20, 40 and 60 gram and 2, 4 and 6 days of time variations. The resulting bioethanol was purified using a distillation process, then analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that optimum ethanol content was obtain in yeasts 20 and 40 grams and 2 days of fermentation. The resulting ethanol content was 26.3% and 24.6%.
The Fe-doped octahedral molecular sieve manganese oxides have been successfully synthesized by one-pot synthesis of the reaction between KMnO4 and glucose using sol-gel methods. The oxide products are then characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy and average oxidation state (AOS) of manganese in manganese oxides. The as-synthesized manganese oxide and Fe-doped manganese oxides are used as catalysts for the degradation of methylene blue dye using hydrogen peroxide as oxidants. The results indicated that the Fe-doped manganese oxide catalyst displayed much enhanced catalytic activities compared to undoped manganese oxide for methylene blue degradation. The differences in catalytic activities have been correlated with the difference in surface properties and crystallinity.
Sintesis poliuretan telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan monomer 4,4'-MDI, PEG 400, dan minyak Bekas Penggorengan. Gugus fungsi karakteristik poliuretan, dan ikatan silang (derajat penggembungan), masing-masingnya dianalisis dengan spektofotometer FT-IR, beberapa pelarut (THF). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui serapan inframerah poliuretan hasil sintesis memiliki korelasi dengan serapan inframerah poliuretan standar. Hasil pengujian derajat penggembungan menunjukkan poliuretan hasil sintesis memiliki derajat penggembungan.
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