<p class="Default">Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan antidiabetes ekstrak etil asetat daun katemas (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) secara in vitro dan in silico melalui inhibisi terhadap enzim α-glukosidase. Pada penelitian ini ekstraksi sampel dilakukan menggunakan maserasi bertingkat, dimulai dengan n-heksana, selanjutnya dengan etil asetat. Ekstrak etil asetat yang didapatkan dilakukan pengujian kuantitiatif total fenolik dan flavonoid. Uji aktivitas antioksidan terhadap ekstrak dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes terhadap ekstrak dilakukan secara in vitro dan in silico melalui inhibisi terhadap enzim α-glukosidase menggunakan akarbose sebagai standar. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes terhadap kandungan senyawa bioaktif ekstrak secara in silico atau molecular docking menggunakan software Discovery Studio 4.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai total fenolik dari ekstrak adalah 4,24 mg GAE/g berat kering dan nilai flavonoid total adalah: 3,22 mg KE/g berat kering. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak didapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 37,56 µg/mL, digolongkan sebagai aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Hasil uji aktivitas antidiabetes secara in vitro didapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 138,63 µg/mL. Hasil molecular docking memperlihatkan bahwa senyawasenyawa aktif yang terdapat didalam ekstrak mampu membentuk ikatan hidrogen antara ligan dengan reseptor, tapi lebih sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan akarbose.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Measurement of Total Phenolic, Flavonoids, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Catemas Leaf Ethyl Acetate Extract (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) by In Vitro and In Silico through Enzim α-Glucosidase Inhibition.</strong> This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity of katemas (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) ethyl acetate extract in vitro and in silico through inhibition of the αglucosidase enzyme. In this study, the sample extraction was carried out by multilevel maceration, starting with n-hexane, then with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract obtained was quantitatively tested by total phenolic and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of the extract was tested using the DPPH method. The antidiabetic activity of the extract was examined through inhibiting the enzyme αglucosidase in vitro using a microplate reader and in silico (molecular docking) using Discovery Studio 4.1 software. The results showed that the total phenolic value of the extract was 4.24 mg GAE/g of dry weight, and the total flavonoid value was 3.22 mg KE/g of dry weight. Antioxidant activity test obtained IC50 of 37,56 µg/mL, classified as verry strong antioxidant. The in vitro antidiabetic test examined that IC50 is 138.63 µg/mL. The results of molecular docking showed that the active compounds in the extracts are able to form hydrogen bonds between ligand and receptor; however, the amount was less than the hydrogen bonds formed by acarbose.</p>
Bioethanol is an alternative and potential fuel derived from plants, which has the ability to reduce CO2 emissions. It contains sugar that can be utilized and processed into bioethanol. This study aims to produce bioethanol from pineapple peel (Ananas comosus Merr.) through acidic hydrolysis and fermentation process using Sacharomyces cereviceae. This research was expected to know the optimum condition of S. Cereviceae mass and the time of fermentation on the conversion of pineapple peel into bioethanol towards amount and content of ethanol produced. The hydrolysis was using sulfuric acid (H2SO4), fermented with variations yeast 20, 40 and 60 gram and 2, 4 and 6 days of time variations. The resulting bioethanol was purified using a distillation process, then analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that optimum ethanol content was obtain in yeasts 20 and 40 grams and 2 days of fermentation. The resulting ethanol content was 26.3% and 24.6%.
The writing of scientific writing is one of the efforts to develop the profession of teachers of SMA N 2 Tambang in Kampar regency. This training aims to equip teachers in terms of strategies to develop scientific papers properly in accordance with the guidelines of writing, and equip teachers in the publication procedures of scientific papers in the journal. The training of scientific writing is done by varied lecture method and practice. The lecture method is needed to explain the procedure for the preparation of scientific papers, including how to arrange classroom action research into a scientific paper. Methods of practice are needed to allow the participants to write scientific papers in the form of articles for journals. The training activities of the writing of scientific papers as a whole can be said to be well seen from the achievement of the target of the trainee, the achievement of the training objectives, the achievement of the planned material targets, and the ability of the participants in the mastery of the material. The supporting factors for the implementation of Community Service activities are the availability of experts in SMA N 2 Tambang, the enthusiasm of the participants, the support of the principal of the place of administration, and the supporting funds of the faculty.
Fruit stalk of chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.) so far is still an untapped waste. The content of active compounds in fruit and fruit stalk of chili pepper (C. annum L.) is known to have good antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extract of fruit stalk of chili pepper in inhibiting the oxidation of crude palm oil (CPO). In this study, the extraction of fruit stalk of chili pepper (C. annum L.) was carried out with n-hexane (from now on referred to as CHE) solvent and with ethanol solvent (from now on referred to as CEE). CHE and CEE were analyzed for total phenolic and flavonoid analyzes. Next, an evaluation of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH method. The effectiveness test of adding the two extracts to the quality of CPO was carried out for ten days using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) analysis. The parameters observed were peroxide numbers, free fatty acids, and iodine numbers. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and followed by a Least Significance Different (LSD) test. The results show that the total phenolic value is 0.257 mg QE/g dry weight in CEE and 0.003 mg QE/g dry weight in CHE. Total flavonoid values are 0.155 mg QE/g dry weight in CEE and 0.003 mg QE/g in CHE. IC50 values for DPPH test extract are 223.72 μg/mL in CEE and 953.77 μg/mL in CHE. The test results of the effectiveness of the two extracts against CPO show thin CEE, and CHE significantly (P <0.05) influences to CPO free fatty acids, peroxide number, and iodine number. Both extracts can protect CPO from oxidation. CEE is more effective in maintaining CPO quality for ten days with free fatty acid values (2.1%), peroxide value values 0.48 meq/kg, and iodine number 54.8. Furthermore, this result meets the CPO quality standard, according to SNI-01-2901-2006.
This study aimed to propose new indole derivatives as anticancer through Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and molecular docking method. The best predicted anticancer activity of indole derivatives was recommended based on the QSAR equation. A data set consist of 18 indole derivatives from literature with anticancer activity against the A498 cell line was used to generate a QSAR model equation. The data set was divided randomly into training (14) and test (4) set compounds. The structure of indole compound was optimized first using AM1 semi-empirical methods, and the descriptors involved were analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The best QSAR equation obtained was Log IC50 = 65.596 (qC2) + 366.764 (qC6) – 92.742 (qC11) + 503.297 (HOMO) – 492.550 (LUMO) – 76.966. Based on the QSAR model, varying electron-withdrawing groups in C2 and C6 atom, as well as adding electron-donating groups in C11 were proposed could increase the anticancer activity of the indole derivatives. The QSAR analysis showed that compound 15 has the best predicted anticancer activity, supported by molecular docking results that showed hydrogen bond interaction with essential amino acids to build anticancer activity such as MET769, THR830, and THR766 residues.
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