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Objective: To increase seat belt restraint use in Guangzhou City, People's Republic of China. Design: Comparison group pre-test, post-test design. Setting: Guangzhou City. Interventions: Interventions to increase the prevalence of seat belt use in high-income countries (enhanced training and enforcement practices along with raising of public awareness) were adapted and implemented in Guangzhou. The prevalence of seat belt use was determined before and after the introduction of the 12-month intervention. Seat belt prevalence was also examined over the same time period in the neighboring city of Nanning, and an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis of the intervention was undertaken. Main outcome measures: Prevalence rates and incremental cost effectiveness ratios. Results: A 12% increase in seat belt use was observed in Guangzhou over the study period, increasing from a prevalence of 50% before (error range 30-62%) to 62% after (error range 60-67%) (p,0.001) the intervention; an absolute change difference between the intervention and reference city of 20% was achieved. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the intervention was ¥3246 (US$418) per disability-adjusted life year saved. Conclusions: This city-wide intervention demonstrates that it is possible to increase the prevalence of seat belt use using similar methods to those used in high-income countries and, importantly, that such an approach is cost-effective.

Proline-derived aliphatically substituted polyacetylenes with stable helical conformations exhibit an excellent enantioseparation ability as chiral stationary phases of HPLC.

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Oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) was prepared through an oxidation reaction of sodium alginate in the presence of sodium periodate. In situ crosslinked hydrogels were obtained through the crosslinking reaction between the active aldehyde of OSA and the amino of the carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). The effects of the addition of OSA on the structure and properties of the hydrogels are discussed. The structures of OSA, CMCS, and the hydrogels were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the morphology of the hydrogels was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results from the gelation time test show that the hydrogels had the shortest gelation time of 6.3 s when the addition of OSA was 8 mL. The results from the swelling degree determination test showed that the hydrogel swelling degree first increased and then decreased with the addition of OSA. With the introduction of nanosilver, the hydrogels showed a degree of antibacterial performance.

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