In this work, the integration of in situ fabricated perovskite quantum dots embedded composite films (PQDCFs) as downshifting materials is first reported for enhancing the ultraviolet (UV) response of silicon (Si) photodetectors toward broadband and solar‐blind light detection. External quantum efficiency measurements show that the UV response of PQDCF coated Si photodiodes greatly improves from near 0% to at most of 50.6% ± 0.5% @ 290 nm. As compared to the calculated maximum value of 87%, the light coupling efficiency of the integrated device is determined to be 80%@395 nm, suggesting an efficient downshifting process. Furthermore, PQDCF is also successfully adapted for electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD) based image sensor. The PQDCF coated EMCCD shows linear response with high‐resolution imaging under illumination at 360, 620, and 960 nm, implying the ability of broadband light detection in the UV, visible (VIS), and near infrared (NIR) region. Furthermore, a solar‐blind UV detection is demonstrated by integrating a solar‐blind UV filter with PQDCF coated EMCCD. In all, the use of PQDCF as luminescent downshifting materials provides an effective and low‐cost way to improve the UV response of Si photodetectors.
Baicalin was identified as a neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor displaying anti-influenza A virus (IAV) activity. However, its poor solubility in saline has limited its use in the clinic. We generated sodium baicalin and showed that it exhibited greatly increased solubility in saline. Its efficacy against oseltamivir-resistant mutant A/FM/1/47-H275Y (H1N1-H275Y) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that 10 μM of sodium baicalin inhibited A/FM/1/47 (H1N1), A/Beijing/32/92 (H3N2) and H1N1-H275Y in MDCK cells in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibitory rates of 83.9, 75.9 and 47.7%, respectively. Intravenous administration of sodium baicalin at 100 mg/kg/d enabled the survival of 20% of H1N1-H275Y-infected mice. The treatment alleviated body weight loss and lung injury. Moreover, sodium baicalin exerted a clear inhibitory effect on NAs. The IC values of sodium baicalin against H1N1-H275Y and cells-expressing A/Anhui/1/2013-R294K (H7N9-R294K) NA protein (N9-R294K) were 214.4 μM and 216.3 μM. Direct interactions between sodium baicalin and NA were observed, and we simulated the interactions of sodium baicalin with N9-R294K and N9 near the active sites of OC-N9-R294K and OC-N9. The residues responsible for the sodium baicalin-N9-R294K and sodium baicalin-N9 interactions were the same, confirming that sodium baicalin exerts effects on wild-type and oseltamivir-resistant viral strains.
The Co(acac)2-catalyzed
three-component difluoroalkylation–peroxidation
of alkenes with difluorohaloactates and hydroperoxides has been developed.
The protocol provides an efficient and selective access to various
β-peroxyl difluoroalkyl derivatives, which can be transformed
into α-amino acid and pyrimidine derivatives by the reactions
with amines and amidines. The mild reaction conditions, broad substrate
scopes, gram-scale synthesis, and synthetic applications exemplified
the utility and practicability of this method. In addition, this methodology
can be extended to other halide compounds to give the alkylation–peroxidation
products.
Nitration–peroxidation
of alkenes for the synthesis of β-peroxyl
nitroalkanes has been developed by using tert-butyl
nitrite and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The method
presents a new and selective difunctionalization of alkenes to introduce
a nitro group and a peroxyl group across the double bonds of alkenes
under mild conditions. A radical reaction pathway is proposed by experimental
and theoretical studies.
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