Aim. The aim of research was to analyze the activation of Triticum aestivum L. non-specific resistance by the effect of ferulic acid and NO on H2O2 content against fungal pathogen from environment in field trials. Methods. Content of endogenous H2O2 was measured in elicitor treated and infected wheat plants (cv. Oberig myronivskij and Svitanok myronivskij) during different ontogenesis phases. The extent of disease development, morphometric parameters and yield structure were analyzed. Results. The data obtained suggest that different levels of endogenous hydrogen peroxide were induced in wheat leaves by treatment. The growth and yield were stimulated. The infection damage decreased. Conclusions. The role of endogenous hydrogen peroxide is crucial for wheat defense during all vegetation period. The elicitor and donor NO induced effective defense responses and resistance in winter wheat against Erysiphe graminis. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., ferulic acid, NO, induced resistance, powdery mildew.
Aim. Long-term studies of the effect of sublethal doses of pre-sowing low-LET ionizing radiation on seeds have demonstrated the effectiveness of radiation biotechnology to stimulate the accumulation of pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites in medicinal raw materials of a number of common medicinal plants in Ukraine. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of radiation technology in the case of seeds of Salvia officinalis L. and Silybum marianum L. Methods. X-ray irradiation of seeds at doses up to 50 Gy, spectrophotometric analysis of water-ethanol extracts, fluorescence microscopy of leaf epidermis were used. Results. Doses of pre-sowing X-ray irradiation were selected which maximally stimulate both the increase of biomass of medicinal raw materials and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. In particular for Salvia officinalis L. doses are 5 Gy and 20 Gy, for Silybum marianum L. are 10 Gy and 20 Gy. Conclusions. It is recommended to use two stimulating doses at the same time, as the result of exposure depends essentially on the physiological status of the seeds, growing conditions, varietal characteristics. Increasing the content of flavonoids and phenols in medicinal raw materials has been shown to be a reliable and reproducible marker of stimulating of rosemary acid accumulation in Salvia officinalis leaves. Keywords: radiation-induced stimulation, Salvia officinalis, Silybum marianum, rosemary acid, silibinin.
Aim. Presowing radiation exposure of seeds is offered to apply as modification factor of secondary metabolites accumulation in medicinal plants. Aim of studying was to choose doses of both gamma- and X-ray exposure of Chamomilla recutita L. seeds that would lead to increasing synthesis of secondary metabolites and biomass. Methods. Both X- and gamma-radiation exposure of seeds, extraction of flavonoids, spectrophotometry assessment of flavonoid extracts, qualitative and semi-quantitative high effective liquid chromatography. Results. Presowing radiation exposure of Chamomilla recutita L. seeds increased both flavonoid production over control and yield of pharmacologically valuable raw material – inflorescence number per square. Chromatographical analyses indicated stable qualitative composition of Chamomilla recutita L. ethanol extracts; the exposure did not lead to synthesis of de novo components. Conclusions. Obtained data validate approach to apply presowing radiation exposure of Chamomilla recutita L. seeds (5–50 Gy dose rate) as modification factor increasing both its productivity and pharmaceutical value of medicinal plants. Keywords: Chamomilla recutita L., stimulating productivity, flavonoids, presowing exposure.
Aim. The purpose of this work was to determine the dose of g- and X-ray pre-sowing irradiation of seeds of Hypericum perforatum L., causing an increase in biomass and the accumulation of flavonoids in medicinal raw materials. Methods. X-ray and g-irradiation of seeds, biometric methods, flavonoids extraction, quantification of flavonoid content in extracts using spectrophotometry, qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), common statistical methods for processing and analysis of data. Results. It was shown that acute X-ray pre-sowing irradiation of H. perforatum seeds at a dose of 20 Gy leads to an increase in the crop of medicinal raw material without losing its pharmaceutical value. Irradiation also increases concentration of quercetin, routine, hyperoside in herbal medicines, grown from seeds, that was chronically irradiated with g-radiation in a total dose of 1 Gy. The HPLC analysis of extracts confirmed that the qualitative composition of ethanol extracts of H. perforatum did not change due to the effect of irradiation on the seeds. Conclusions. The obtained results confirm the possibility of application of pre-sowing irradiation of seeds of H. perforatum in the range of 1–35 Gy in order to increase its productivity and increase the pharmaceutical value of the medicinal raw material. Keywords: Hypericum perforatum L., ionizing irradiation, productivity, flavonoids.
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