Betacyanins and betaxanthins were characterized and determined in an intensely pigmented red-colored callus culture of Celosia cristata L. (Amaranthaceae). A new malonyl derivative, 6'- O-malonyl-amaranthin (celoscristatin) was isolated and identified by spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques. Its stereoisomer, 4'- O-malonyl-amaranthin (celoscristatin acyl-migrated), as well as its 15 R diastereomer were also detected in the callus as a result of the malonyl group migration in celoscristatin/isoceloscristatin, respectively. Amaranthin occurs in the callus as the major betacyanin, followed by celoscristatin, betanin, phyllocactin, and other minor betacyanins. The effect of different carbon sources on the growth rates of the Celosia callus as well as on betalains profiles in the callus cultures was studied. High dopamine content in the callus culture was determined and compared with the content in C. cristata inflorescences. The dopamine-based betalain (miraxanthin V) was detected as the main betaxanthin in the callus, however, at a concentration level much lower than that of the identified betacyanins. The studied callus culture of C. cristata can accumulate betalains in amounts which approach the quantities produced by most known high-yielding plant species.
Plants are sessile organisms that have a remarkable developmental plasticity, which ensures their optimal adaptation to environmental stresses. Plant cell totipotency is an extreme example of such plasticity, whereby somatic cells have the potential to form plants via direct shoot organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis in response to various exogenous and/or endogenous signals. Protoplasts provide one of the most suitable systems for investigating molecular mechanisms of totipotency, because they are effectively single cell populations. In this review, we consider the current state of knowledge of the mechanisms that induce cell proliferation from individual, differentiated somatic plant cells. We highlight initial explant metabolic status, ploidy level and isolation procedure as determinants of successful cell reprogramming. We also discuss the importance of auxin signalling and its interaction with stress-regulated pathways in governing cell cycle induction and further stages of plant cell totipotency.
In vitro production of the meroterpene bakuchiol by Psoralea drupacea Bge (Fabaceae) has been studied using aseptically-grown plants, callus cultures of different origin, cell suspensions and transgenic hairy root cultures. The effect of phytohormones and methyl jasmonate on bakuchiol production was also investigated. Bakuchiol was not detected in cell suspensions or hairy root preparations of P. drupacea. In contrast, aerial parts of P. drupacea grown in vitro were found to accumulate up to 11% dry weight of bakuchiol and can therefore be regarded as a potentially useful source of this antimicrobial compound.
Aim. The aim of the present work is to investigate the influence of reducing sugars, ascorbic acid and methyl DOPA as one of the DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors on total amount and spectrum of betalains in the callus culture of cockscomb Celosia cristata L. (Amaranthaceae). Methods. Tissue culture methods, analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectrophotometry. Results. Adding of some reducing sugars (1 % of glucose, arabinose or rhamnose) to the media does not increase the total betalains content. Ascorbic acid at a concentration of 5 mM also does not significantly affect the amount of betalains, but considerably inhibit the callus growth. Moreover, ascorbic acid causes significant decreasing of the dopamine content and the normalized concentration of the main betacyanin pigment of the callus – amaranthin. Investigations have begun to study the effects of DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitors on the content of betalains and dopamine. Increased level of betalains in the callus in the presence of all used concentrations of methylDOPA was aobserved. The necessity of use of ascorbic acid or another stabilizer of methylDOPA in order to prevent oxidation of this inhibitor has been established. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that methylDOPA as well as, probably, other inhibitors of DOPA decarboxylase can influence on betalains level in callus culture, so their use may be a potential strategy for these pigments content increasing.
Keywords: Celosia cristata L. betalains, dopamine, callus culture.
In this work we described a procedure of Fittonia albivenis (Lindl. ex Veitch) Brummitt in vitro conservation and microclonal propagation by enhanced bud proliferation from shoot tips as well as studying some biochemical characteristics of plants cultured both in vivo and in vitro. Multiple shoot formation from apical and axillary buds started in 4 months on MS/2 medium without growth regulators. Multiplication coefficients ranged from 6.0 ±1.9 to 14.7 ±2.6 for different plant clones. So, as a result of our work, the effective system of microclonal propagation of F. albiviens on hormone-free media was elaborated. It have been shown that application of plant growth regulators seems just to shorten the time period of Fittonia in vitro microclonal propagation but does not have any significant effect on multiplication coefficients. The total content of bioactive substances (flavonoids and phenolics) was about 0.2-0.45% of dry weight, that is significantly less than its amount in known sources of polyphenols (e.g., ground coffee). However, the data indicate the significant differences in the content of these bioactive substances between in vivo growing plants with dark-green (clone #1) and light-green leaves (clone #2) as well as different reactions to the transfer to the in vitro conditions. For some clones the significant increase in both phenolics and flavonoids amount was observed after such transfer. The clones with highest productivity have been identified and will be used in further researches.
Aim. Presowing radiation exposure of seeds is offered to apply as modification factor of secondary metabolites accumulation in medicinal plants. Aim of studying was to choose doses of both gamma- and X-ray exposure of Chamomilla recutita L. seeds that would lead to increasing synthesis of secondary metabolites and biomass. Methods. Both X- and gamma-radiation exposure of seeds, extraction of flavonoids, spectrophotometry assessment of flavonoid extracts, qualitative and semi-quantitative high effective liquid chromatography. Results. Presowing radiation exposure of Chamomilla recutita L. seeds increased both flavonoid production over control and yield of pharmacologically valuable raw material – inflorescence number per square. Chromatographical analyses indicated stable qualitative composition of Chamomilla recutita L. ethanol extracts; the exposure did not lead to synthesis of de novo components. Conclusions. Obtained data validate approach to apply presowing radiation exposure of Chamomilla recutita L. seeds (5–50 Gy dose rate) as modification factor increasing both its productivity and pharmaceutical value of medicinal plants.
Keywords: Chamomilla recutita L., stimulating productivity, flavonoids, presowing exposure.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.