More than 70 years ago, W. Weaver introduced the classification of all systems of nature. A special place in this classification was allocated to the third type systems, which (as was proved over the past 20 years) do not possess statistical stability. For such systems, it is proposed to construct pairwise comparison matrices of samples that demonstrate the lack of their homogeneity. In this regard, new invariants and new models are introduced to describe the stationary modes of the third type systems and their kinematics (motion) in state phase space. The parameters of the pseudo-attractors are calculated.
Work of artificial neural networks does not ensure the identification of order parameters (which are the principal diagnostic characters xi in biomedicine). We suggest to eliminate the 1st type uncertainties (when samplings xi statistically match for different physiological states of a human body) by introducing random setting of initial weight values wio of xi and subsequent multiple repetition (n≥1000) of artificial neural network settings. The xi ranking is made according to the weight samplings wi collected after such settings are applied.
The problem of selecting a homogeneous group of subjects can be addressed by calculating the coefficient of variation or by using the ABC method. However, this is not sufficient for homeostatic systems. The aim of the study is to establish the statistical and chaotic patterns of parameters of the cardiovascular system among girls in the city of Surgut following North-South travel. Methods: The data on indicators of the cardiovascular system (CVS) of girls were collected using pulsoximeter EL0X-01. The obtained samples of cardiointervals (CI) were processed as matrices of pairwise comparisons of samples. Results. After two weeks of rest in the South of the Russia, the number of k pairs of samples in the matrices of pairwise comparisons decreases indicating changers towards increased heterogeneity in the CVS parameters. In general, with statistical paired comparison of samples of CI in the group of girls, only 2-15 % of pairs of samples can be attributed to one general population. The calculation of the pairwise comparison matrix of samples of CI for one subject showed that the samples with repeated measurements in the same homeostasis may statistically less match than in a group of different people. Conclusions. Traditional statistics in the description of the CVS has low efficiency, the behavior of the CI is chaotic, because the forecast of dynamics based on the analysis of previous states and the initial value x(t0) is impossible. In the work within the framework of the new approach from the standpoint of the theory of chaos-self-organization, the features of the parameters of the CVS of girls under the action of various climatogeographic factors are studied.
In the conditions of Russian North recreation activity is usually carried out by means of latitudinal displacement from North to South and realization of health-related activity. Herein a regular question about of their effectiveness arises. Tradition statistic methods of parameter evaluation of the cardiovascular system (CVS) homeostasis of a person, in this case, show poor efficiency; often they do not show differences between the organism's state before and after the treatment. The aim of the research was to study the effect of latitudinal movements on the process of functional systems changes of children's organisms. Information on the indices state of cardiovascular system of schoolchildren was acquired by the method of pulseintervalography on the basis of the pulse oximeter "EL0KS-01". The CVS parameters of schoolchildren were analyzed in the process of latitudinal displacement (from north to south of the Russian Federation and vice versa). The result of the study showed that a two weeks' vacation in the south reduced the quasi-attractors' size of the vector state of children's organisms in the six-dimensional phase space of states (m = 6) and partially normalized the indices of their cardiorespiratory system. The volume of quasi-attractors (m = 6) after returning to Surgut decreased 2,3 times in boys and 4,7 times in girls in comparison with the state before leaving to the south. However, the reaction in girls was more expressed and persistent than in boys, who showed a partial return to their original state (before departure) after their return from the south. In fact, girls show an exponential decrease of quasi-attractors volumes, and boys - a parabolic type depending on VG from the type of stay (registration). Similar dynamics was observed in age-related changes of quasi-attractors volumes of cardiointervals of Khanty women (decrease in volumes with age) and newcomers (they had a parabola for quasi-attractors of cardiointervals). Conclusion: calculation of the parameters of CVS quasi-attractors shows a significant difference in all diagnostic parameters from the results of statistical processing of primary data.
Effects of sudden changes in temperature on the general state of functional systems of the body can be assessed by the effects of local cold expesure on the neuromuscular system. Aim: to study electromyograms of the retracting muscle flexor of the little finger with weak static muscle tension (F1 = 50 N) during cold exposure. Methods. Altogether, 15 men aged 20-27 years participated in the study. We used one of the stochastic methods in the form of calculation of matrices of paired comparisons of electromyogram samples as an indicator of k pairs of matches of samples. Matrices of paired comparisons of samples were calculated for each test subject at a static voltage F1 = 50 N before and after local cold exposure. At the same time built a quasi-attractor dynamics, the behavior of x(t) and determined area of the quasi-attractor. In the end, the analysis of the state of the muscles of the subjects in the development of static force F was carried out on the basis of a comparison of the area of quasi-attractors in the form of S. Results. With weak (F1 = 50 N) static force after cold exposure, the area of quasi-attractor increased by 2.5 times, while in the matrices of paired comparisons of samples after local cold exposure, the number of matches of pairs of samples increased from 8 to 14. Conclusion: the regularities of changes in the number of matches of pairs of samples k in the matrices of paired comparisons with changes in the static force and under the influence of local cold exposure were revealed; statistically significant differences were found for such samples k and S before and after hypothermia.
Athletics in the North of the Russian Federation has significant features that are to be studied within the framework of human ecology. In this case, of particular importance are studies that are associated with controlled physical activity. The aim was to study the state of the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nervous system of athletes regulating heart functioning under controlled physical activity. Methods: Data collection was performed on a group of 16 athletes according to the Helsinki Declaration. In total, 14 parameters of the cardiovascular system were recorded using the "Elox-01" and the parameters of quasi-attractors were calculated for the five-dimensional phase space. Results. Before the load (1,5 hours of playing mini-football), the indicator of parasympathetic (PAR) regulation prevailed almost 9 times (PAR = 16 c.u.) over the sympathetic (SIM) regulation (SIM = 1,75 c.u.). After the load, these indices became equal, but the volumes of quasi-attractors increased by 29 times. Conclusions. Athletes in the North of the Russian Federation can't significantly invert the state of SIM and PAR even after the load. The load only levels these indicators, but at the same time the volume of the quasi-attractor in the five-dimensional phase space of the states of diagnostic signs of the cardiovascular system of athletes increases. Such dynamic differs from the dynamics of the athletes of the Central Part of the Russian Federation, where the SIM indicator initially prevails over the PAR indicator.
The problem of homeostasis and especially homeostatic behavior of different parameters of the human body functional systems in the Russian North (human's cardiovascular system (CVS) is considered in the work) was reviewed from new perspective (new theory of chaos and self-organization). After proving of N. A. Bernstein's hypothesis about "repetition without repetition" in biomechanics as a statistical instability of obtained samples (in one subject with universal homeostasis) a problem explaining mechanisms of such instability appeared. One of the mechanisms of such stochastic chaos for RR intervals and over parameters of cardiovascular system may be connected with chaotic dynamics of parameters of the human environment. The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of external chaos (parameters of the human environment) on internal regulatory functions. Using the methods of paired comparison of samples of meteorological parameters and calculation of quasi-attractors' parameters, we obtained information on the state of meteorological parameters of the human environment, which demonstrate stochastic instability in succession of samples obtained (identical months and the same seasons of the year). The results of the study showed that the average values of the areas of quasi-attractors of two phase coordinates (T, P) differ very significantly. It is suggested that such chaotic dynamics can induce chaos of the CVS parameters. The paper proves homeostasis in the behavior of meteorological parameters, which can significantly affect the systems of regulation of the main functions of the human body. The statistical instability of the parameters of the human environment is shown, which is very similar to the dynamics of tremor and teping in the Eskov-Zinchenko effect. Conclusions. The statistical instability of meteorological parameters is similar to the homeostasis of living systems. At the same time, the mechanisms of regulation of the CVS and meteorological parameters of the human environment are, of course, different. A common feature is the special chaos of the xi parameters, which is manifested in the statistical instability in a row of the resulting samples. Such a statistical instability is called the Eskov - Zinchenko effect, and has no analogue in such systems.
Analysis of North environmental factors and they influence on human body have special problem according to absent of statistic stability of any samples parameters. Now it is known as Eskov-Zinchenko effect and the effect needs new theory and new methods for description of specific behavior of biosystems. So we presented the Eskov-Zinchenko effect and new methods of system synthesis. The last method is based on investigation of order parameters and calculation of a special model for cardiointervals aging dynamic and its descriptions.
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